摘要:

Fighting cocks were conditioned to emit a key‐pecking response on a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule leading to the visual image of another fighting cock. In addition, the relative reinforcing properties of the visual reinforcer were compared with food and water reinforcers in a three‐choice, non‐reversible option situation. The relative reinforcing effects of mirror presentation and another rooster visually presented through a window, were compared. The mirror maintained a relatively lower response o

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-45

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-50

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Key pecking of pigeons was reinforced with grain on a progressive ratio schedule during the presence of either of two key colors. Under one color, all responses were shocked; under the other color, responses were not shocked. A single response on a second key switched the key color and reset the progressive ratio, provided that the first step of the progressive ratio had been completed. A preference developed for the longer ratios of the progressive ratio under the non‐shock key color. When the severity of punishment suppressed responding under the key color correlated with shock, the subjects continued to switch to the shock condition after a moderate degree of responding under the non‐shock condition. Severe punishment also resulted in frequent, ineffective responses on the switching key and extended pausing under the key color associated with sh

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-51

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-66

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-67

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

On an adjusting schedule of reinforcement, a parameter of the schedule is varied as a function of some characteristic of the animal's performance. In Experiment I, the fixed‐ratio response requirement was varied as a function of the time that elapsed before the animal started responding in each fixed‐ratio (initial pause). When initial pauses were shorter than a specified duration, the response requirement was increased; when they were longer than the specified duration, the response requirement was decreased. Specified durations of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 min were studied. The average response requirement maintained by each monkey was directly related to the length of the specified duration of initial pause. In Experiment II, the fixed‐ratio response requirement was constant, but reinforcement occurred only when the initial pause was longer than a specified duration. The average durations of initial pauses were directly related to the length of the specified duration and to the response requirement. Meprobamate consistently decreased the average durations of initial p

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-69

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-78

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of several conditions of response cost (response‐produced point loss) upon FR 50 performance maintained by 100‐point reinforcements were investigated. Post‐reinforcement pauses did not appear under no‐cost (no points deducted per response) conditions. Such pauses were effected, however, by introducing 5‐sec periods of one‐point and two‐point costs after each reinforcement. Continuous response cost did not affect responding as long as the cost was less than the 100‐point reinforcements. Rapid cessation of responding occurred when continuous response cost was made equal t

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-79

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-82

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pecks at a first (left) key were reinforced by a partial movement (advance) of the voltmeter behind the key toward the maximum position. When the meter reached maximum deflection, pecks at a second key were continuously reinforced with food. The schedule of reinforcement by which pecking the first key produced a deflection, as well as the size of the deflection, were varied in a series of experiments. The rate of responding on the first key was more affected by changes in the number of steps required to move the meter to the maximum position (the size of the deflection) than by the value of the variable‐interval schedule by which pecking produced a meter deflection. The rate at which the bird pecked was low when the meter was near the null position, and high as the meter approached the maximum deflectio

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-83

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY