摘要:

Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble‐dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or praise were used during test periods. After operant levels of the experimental responses were measured, training either preceded or was interposed within a series of exposures to modeled behavior that differed from the trained behavior. Children who were initially exposed to a modeling session immediately imitated, whereas those children who were initially trained immediately performed the appropriate response. Children initially trained on one pattern generally continued to exhibit that pattern even after many modeling sessions. Children who first viewed the modeled response and then were exposed to explicit training of a different response reversed their response pattern from the trained response to the modeled response within a few sessions. The results suggest that under certain conditions explicit training will exert greater control over responding than immediate modeling stimul

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-135

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pigeons were trained to track different key colors, depending on whether they had been injected with phencyclidine or saline prior to the session. A second‐order schedule was used to generate large numbers of responses prior to the initial food delivery. The procedure offers several advantages over traditional procedures for studying drug discriminatio

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-143

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus condition which, (1) given the momentary effectiveness of some particular type of reinforcement (2) increases the frequency of a particular type of response (3) because that stimulus condition has been correlated with an increase in the frequency with which that type of response has been followed by that type of reinforcement. Operations such as deprivation have two different effects on behavior. One is to increase the effectiveness of some object or event as reinforcement, and the other is to evoke the behavior that has in the past been followed by that object or event. “Establishing operation” is suggested as a general term for operations having these two effects. A number of situations involve what is generally assumed to be a discriminative stimulus relation, but with the third defining characteristic of the discriminative stimulus absent. Here the stimulus change functions more like an establishing operation than a discriminative stimulus, and the new term, “establishing stimulus,” is suggested. There are three other possible approaches to this terminological problem, but none are entirely satis

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY