摘要:

Pigeons' key pecks were reinforced with grain, then extinguished. An 8‐second tone preceded the availability of peck‐dependent grain 1 second after tone offset. When a tone signalled grain and an 8‐second clicking sound did not, three pigeons pecked during a high percentage of tone periods, but they pecked during a low percentage of click periods. When the roles of the tone and clicking sound were reversed, performance reversed. For other birds, when a key peck during the tone cancelled the availability of grain (omission procedure), the tendency to key peck during the tone decreased some, but still remained high. A third group of pigeons received the omission procedure with the addition that the tone could not end unless 2 seconds had elapsed without a key peck. The pigeons continued to respond in a high percentage of tone periods. The experiments favor an explanation based on the pairing of the tone with a reinforced response, such as Pavlovian conditi

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-115

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-126

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The acute and chronic effects of cocaine andd‐amphetamine on food‐reinforced behavior were investigated in pigeons responding on a two‐component multiple schedule. In one component, the behavioral task consisted of the same chain of conditional discriminations each session (performance). In the other component, the chain of conditional discriminations was changed from session to session (learning). In comparison to control sessions, both acute cocaine andd‐amphetamine increased errors in each component of the multiple schedule. Responding in the learning component, however, was generally disrupted at lower doses than those that affected responding in the performance component. At high doses, both drugs produced pauses in responding in each component in three of the four subjects. Pausing engendered byd‐amphetamine was approximately twice as long as that under cocaine. Upon chronic administration, both the pausing and error‐increasing effects of each drug diminished. Drug‐induced changes in timeout responding, however, did not decrease during chronic administration. Redeterminations of thed‐amphetamine dose‐effect curves following chronic cocaine administration suggested the existence of cross‐tolerance between cocaine andd‐amphetamine. Both the acute and chronic data are consistent with the view that conditions of stimulus control may modulate the behavi

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-127

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of pentobarbital andd‐amphetamine were studied in pigeons responding under several concurrent fixed‐ratio variable‐interval and concurrent fixed‐ratio fixed‐interval schedules of food presentation. Drug effects were compared with different fixed ratios, fixed and variable intervals, changeover delays, and with the schedules operating singly. Doses ofd‐amphetamine that increased or did not affect responding under the interval schedules decreased responding under the fixed‐ratio schedule, whereas doses of pentobarbital that increased responding under the fixed‐ratio schedule decreased or eliminated responding under the interval schedules. These effects depended both on the schedule of food delivery and the parameters of schedules arranged concurrently. Pentobarbital increased responding under the fixed‐ratio schedule with 4‐minute and 10‐minute interval schedules arranged concurrently, but not with 1.5‐minute schedules.d‐Amphetamine decreased concurrent ratio and interval responding with the 1.5‐minute interval schedules, but either increased or did not affect responding with the longer intervals. Changes in the parameter of one schedule altered responding controlled by that schedule and also other concurrent performances. As a consequence, the effects of drugs on

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-141

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An alternative means of delivering food to pigeons in operant conditioning research is described. The feeder allows greater control of the amount of food delivered and reduces the amount of time necessary for the pigeon to collect the food. It is possible to extend the length of experimental sessions due to the reduction of food intake. Data obtained using the pellet feeder indicated that the control of responding is comparable to that observed with the standard grain‐magazine feede

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-159

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1979.31-161

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY