摘要:

Maximum displacements of lever presses by rats were recorded under eight successively‐smaller reinforcement zones (RZ). The largest RZ included displacements from 3° to 44°; the smallest, from 24° to 29°. As the RZ decreased, displacement distributions reflected a least‐effort tendency: distributions peaked at the lower limit of RZ and most non‐reinforced presses fell just below the lower limit. Successive distributions (a) differed significantly in shape, (b) showed reduced variability, and (c) indicated more presses and more presses per reinforcement. Prolonged training under the smallest RZ gave no improvement in pe

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-211

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-216

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four pigeons were trained with VI reinforcement to peck a key which was briefly illuminated by a flickering light. Generalization gradients were then obtained with nine different rates of flicker, four faster than S+ and four slower. Two birds were then trained to discriminate between S+ and the fastest stimulus (S—). These birds were then trained to discriminate between S+ and thetwofastest stimuli, alternated as S—'s. This procedure was continued, adding one new S— at a time, until all four stimuli faster than S+ were S—'s. The remaining two birds were trained on this latter discrimination without intervening training. In a final stage, using the first two birds, the slowest stimulus was added as a fifth S—. Generalization gradients in extinction were obtained from each bird after each stage of training. As more stimuli from one end of the continuum served as S—'s, responding increased in the presence of stimuli from the other end of the continuum, and the gradient tended to become flattened

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-217

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Attack behavior was elicited from squirrel monkeys by externally applied electric shock. The shock elicited attack toward other monkeys, rats, and mice, as well as toward inanimate objects, such as a stuffed doll, and even a round ball. A method of quantifying the attack behavior was devised on the basis of the attack against inanimate objects. This method revealed that the duration and probability of attack was a direct function of the shock intensity.

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-223

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two monkeys were trained to press and hold down a telegraph key in the presence of a red light. Subsequent release of the key in response to a white cross superimposed on the red background was followed by reinforcement. Key release in response to a white circle on the red background was never reinforced. Latencies for the key release response to the reinforced stimulus (cross) were considerably shorter and less variable than those to the unreinforced stimulus (circle).

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-229

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-232

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A tone ending with unavoidable electrical shock was periodically presented to pigeons while they pecked a key for food. A second group of birds was exposed to these tone‐shock contingencies and also to a second tone which never ended with shock. The gradient of stimulus generalization following training to a single stimulus was symmetrical, whereas the gradient following discrimination training was asymmetrical, but there was no evidence of peak shift. During testing, suppression to all tones gradually extinguished and in both groups the slope of the gradient increased markedly. A second experiment with the discrimination birds revealed that free shock caused a recovery of the gradient, but the asymmetry persiste

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-233

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-240

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The performance of pigeons was studied on a multiple schedule in which a three‐member FR chained schedule alternated with a three‐member FR tandem schedule. The chain and tandem schedules contained identical response requirements. In the chained schedule, more pausing and lower response rates occurred in the first and second components than occurred in the tandem control, in which the same exteroceptive stimulus was associated with all components. Because the reinforcement and response contingencies were identical in the chain and tandem schedules, differences in performances can be attributed to stimulus cont

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-241

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-246

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY