摘要:

The introduction of a warning signal preceding shocks greatly increased the effectiveness of avoidance responding. Periods of “warm‐up” at the beginning of the session were eliminated, and the number of shocks received by the subjects was greatly reduced. With response‐shock interval constant, response rate increased as the interval between the response and the onset of the warning signal was shortened. The response tended to occur shortly after the onset of the warning signal regardless of the duration of these “safe” periods. A greatly elevated response rate was maintained even when the duration of the safe period was reduced to 0.3 sec. Thus, the pre‐shock signal obtained nearly exclusive control of the responding and overrode the usual “temporal discrimination” of the respon

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-129

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-134

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acquisition performance of 22 rats in a straight alley runway was examined. The animals were subjected to partial reinforcement when the alley was black (B±) and continuous reinforcement when it was white (W+). The results indicated (a) higher terminal performance, for partial as against continuous reinforcement conditions, for starting‐time and running‐time measures, and (b) lower terminal performance under partial conditions for a goal‐entry‐time measure. These results confirm within subjects an effect previously demonstrated, in the runway, only in between‐groups tests, where one group is run under partial reinforcement and a separate group is run under continuous reinforcement in the presence of the same external stimuli. Differences between the runway situation, employing a discrete‐trial procedure and performance measures at three points in the response chain, and the Skinner box situation, used in its free‐operant mode with a single performance measure, are discussed in relation to the pr

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-135

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-139

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-150

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a discrete‐trials, two‐key choice situation, probability‐learning by pigeons was studied under a variety of training conditions. Matching was found in simultaneous and in successive problems, but a spatial problem produced only maximizing. In the simultaneous problem, noncorrection produced maximizing, while correction produced matching. Guidance produced maximizing when the animals were required to earn each opportunity for choice by pecking a center key on FR‐5, but matching when the center key was not used. In a discrete‐trials one‐key situation, with latency as the measure, frequency and probability of reinforcement were varied independently. Differences in probability produced differences in latency of response, but differences in freque

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-151

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-158

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three white rats, after 50 continuous reinforcements, were exposed successively, under dim illumination, to reinforcement delays of 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 sec, with prolonged training at the 20‐sec level. Behavior was maintained at each level, and an increase in interval was accompanied by an increase in post‐reinforcement pause. Subsequently, under both 20‐ and 30‐sec delays, the animals were tested during half of each daily session to determine the effect of introducing darkness during each delay interval. The result of this stimulus “support” was to regularize and increase response rate for each animal at both inte

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-159

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-163

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-165

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY