摘要:

Quantitative measures of the performances of seven rats and two pigeons under FI schedules of reinforcement were obtained. For the rats (under FI 2 and FI 100 sec) the mean response rate and two measures of the temporal distribution of responses within the interval (quarter‐life and an Index of Curvature) were computed for individual intervals. The measures of curvature were highly correlated with each other, whereas the response rate was only moderately correlated with either of them. Similar results were found for comparisons of the same measures on a session‐by‐session basis. The performances of the pigeons (under FI 10) were analyzed to yield response rate, quarter‐life and elapsed time to the first, fifth and tenth response. Response rate was only moderately correlated with quarter‐life, whereas quarter‐life and time to the fifth or tenth response were highly correlated. Measures of temporal distribution based on an average of the intervals of a daily session were highly similar to the means of those measures calculated from the individua

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-337

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-344

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conditioned suppression technique (Estes and Skinner, 1941) was employed to study the effects of partial‐shock reinforcement in the goldfish. Lever‐pressing behavior of hungry goldfish was suppressed in the presence of a flashing light that had been previously paired with electric shocks. Fish that acquired the suppression under 50% and 100% shock‐reinforcement, respectively, were subjected to repeated presentations of the flashing light alone. This procedure revealed a more rapid extinction of the suppressed behavior in the 50% than in the 100% shocked group. The finding was compared with those from other experiments and possible reasons for the differences were exa

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-345

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-350

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Preening in four pigeons was observed and recorded during operant level determinations, continuous and variable interval reinforcement, and extinction. The rate at which preening responses occur seems to be controlled by reinforcement in the same way as other operant behavior. Preening during VI reinforcement and extinction appeared to be similar to preening in many natural situations. With respect to the part of the body preened, considerable stereotypy of responding was shown by all birds, particularly during VI training; there was, however, a conspicuous absence of consistency in the development of stereotypy both within and between individual birds, perhaps due to the nature of the response.

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-351

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-355

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four goldfish (Carassius auratus, comet) were reinforced with food when they intercepted a beam of light. Each fish performed on both CRF and VI 50‐sec schedules. In subsequent extinctions, the CRF schedule produced more responses on the first day than did VI, but after the first day the post‐CRF rate dropped much more rapidly. These results agree with those previously obtained in birds and mamm

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-357

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several lines of evidence suggest that the pigeon is near‐sighted for stimuli located in front of its beak and far‐sighted for stimuli located to the sides of its h

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-361

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-367

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Generalization gradients along a line‐tilt continuum were obtained from groups of pigeons that had been trained to peck a key on different schedules of reinforcement. In Exp. I, gradients following training on a differential‐reinforcement‐of‐low‐rate (DRL) schedule proved to be much flatter than gradients following the usual 1‐min variable interval (VI) training. In Exp. II, the value of the VI schedule itself was parametrically studied;Ss trained on long VI schedules (e.g., 4‐min) produced much flatter gradients thanSs trained on short VI schedules (30‐sec; 1‐min). The results were interpreted mainly in terms of the relative control exerted by internal, proprioceptive cues on the different reinforcement schedules. Several implications of the results for other problems in the field of stimulus generalizat

ISSN:0022-5002    

DOI:10.1901/jeab.1964.7-369

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY