摘要:

Abstract.Part of the water of a hypertonic secretion will enter passively along the osmotic gradient between blood and secretion. The aqueous humour is hypertonic in several species and it is often thought that all of its water enters as a consequence of the hypertonicity. To investigate this point, the osmotic pressure difference aqueous‐plasma and the mobility of water under osmotic forces across the barrier between aqueous and plasma have been measured in anaesthetized cats.The thermo‐electric vapour pressure method was used. In steady state, the aqueous of the posterior chamber in cats was about 5 mOsm/l hypertonic to plasma. With the secretion rate of 15 μlmin water mobility would have to be about 3 μl/min/mOsm/l in order to explain the rate of water secretion by osmotic attraction.In order to measure the actual water mobility, sudden changes in the osmotic pressure of the plasma were induced by anisotonic injections and the initial rate of volume change of the intraocular contents correlated with the (measured) degree of anisotonicity of the plasma. The mobility found was far below 3 μl/min/mOsni/l. Hence, water movement is not due to osmotic attraction by the bulk of the aqueous.It is stressed that osmotic pressure measurements in vitro can be quite misleading when applied to living systems. In vitro methods use perfect membranes or their equivalents, which have no certain counterpart in vivo. Since in the living organism a steady state concentration difference can be upheld even across a leaky membrane, the magnitude and even direction of the osmotic force existing in vivo can differ markedly from that measured in

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In the rat infraorbital nerve activity can be demonstrated in small nerve fibres by cutaneous temperatures below 25° C. The number of active nerte fibres is determined by the absolute cutaneous temperature. It is believed that these fibres mediate sensations of cold pain

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In the infra‐orbital nerve of the cat and the rat nerve fibres from cutaneous receptors with high specificity of mechanical stimuli can be demonstrated. These receptors are not influenced by thermal stimul

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The technique worked out in the senior author's laboratory for assaying secretin and cholecystokinin in cats and dogs has been described in detail. Highly purified samples of these hormones, supplied by the Swedish workers, were found to have a strength of 3,300 Ivy dog units of secretin and 22 Ivy dog units of cholecystokinin per mg, respectively. Due attention was paid to the extreme lability of the purified secretion.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of local X‐irradiation of the liver on the hepatic glucuronide synthesis capacity was studied in rats. The liver was irradiated under nembutal anesthesia. The glucuronide synthesis of the liver slices was then measuredin vitrousing o‐aminophenol as the toxic substance. The 1,200 r radiation dose caused a depression in the glucuronide conjugation capacity, this effect reached its maximum on the 3rd day after the irradiation. This was followed by a compensatory phase. When applying a smaller radiation dose (400 r) an increase in the conjugation capacity was noted on the first day. This was followed by a decrease slightly below the control level and later by a compensatory phase. The results are discussed in light of our previous similar studies with rat gastric mucous membr

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The cholinesterase content of neurones belonging to the spinal ganglia of the rat has been investigated microchemically by means of a Cartesian diver technique. Most of the cells examined showed a measurable ChE activity. The ChE activity varies significantly from cell to cell and the statistical analysis of the data showed that two different groups of cells are present having respectively high and low activity. An additional group of cells did not show any measurable activity. The results are discussed in the light of morphological and physiological data.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Compound 48/80 releases histamine and a lipid‐soluble smooth muscle contracting substance (“SRS”) in the perfused cat paw. The time‐course and dose‐response curves of histamine and “SRS” release were strikingly parallel. Nonspecific enzyme inhibitors such as polysaccharides and “polysalicylic acid”, and SH‐blocking agents — such as allicin and iodo‐acetate — blocked the release of both histamine and “SRS”. Heating of the paws to 45° C for 15 min had the same blocking effect. The observations support the hypothesis that compound 48/80 releases histamine in the cat paw by activating an enzymatic mechanism and that “SRS” is a product

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of disulfiram on the accumulation of formaldehyde in liver homogenates incubated with methanol has been studied in rats after feeding them high doses of disulfiram (1.0–4.5 g per kg daily for 9 days). The catalase and xanthine oxidase activities of the livers have also been determined. The formation of formaldehyde has been determined photometrically. The accumulation of formaldehyde in the liver homogenates from disulfiram‐treated rats was not increased, but slightly inhibited by almost lethal doses. It was not stimulated by ATP as in normal animals. The liver catalase activity was clearly lowered in the disulfiram‐treated rats. The liver xanthine oxidase activity was also diminished in these rats but not const

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The acetylation ofp‐aminobenzoic acid has been studiedin vitroin rat heart, lung, kidney and liver preparations as well as in ox kidney. The method of Brattonand Marshall(1939) has been used for the determination of diazotizable amines. The experiments were carried out with tissue preparations cut into small pieces with scissors. All of these tissues were able to convert p‐aminobenzoic acid to non‐diazotizable derivatives, which were assumed to be acetyl conjugates. This has not been shown earlier with ox kidney tissue or with the heart and lung of any a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of benzoate and salicylate on the acetylation of p‐aminobenzoic acidin aitrohas been studied in the ox kidney cortex. Both salicylate and benzoate inhibited the formation of acetyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid when their concentration was 10‐‐2

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1959.tb01699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1959

数据来源: WILEY