摘要:

AbstractThe cellular localization of monoamines in the spinal cord of the mouse and the rat has been studied with the use of a fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of certain cate‐cholamines and tryptamines in combination with a pharmacological approach and transection experiments. Strong evidence was obtained for the view that noradrenaline (NA) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) are localized in special systems of nerve tracts which from supraspinal centers descend in the lateral and anterior funiculi to terminate in the gray matter and which belong to monoaminergic neurons. The amines show a massive accumulation in the terminal part of the nerve fibres. This strongly indicates that both amines serve as synaptic transmitters in the spinal cord. Many nerve terminals containing NA or 5‐HT are present in the anterior horns. They are more scarce in the posterior horns. Terminals of both kinds are highly concentrated in the sympathetic lateral column where most—if not all—of the nerve cells are surrounded by them. They originate—at least mainly—from a tract descending in the dorsolateral funiculi. This localization of the descending fibres suggests that they arc identical with the inhibitory fibres going to the sym

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigations were made on the evaluation and interpretation of blood flow measurements performed by venous occlusion plethysmography on human arms and legs. The different types of inflow curves and the criteria for application of the tangents to them are discussed. The arm position which least influences the circulation in the forearm and hand was determined. An investigation was made of the errors of measurement for the determination of the tissue volume enclosed in the plethysmograph as well as for the recording device including the plethysmographs. It is suggested that values for the apparent rate of arterial inflow of between 0.5 and 20–40 ml/100 ml·min can be measured by venous occlusion plethysmography with sufficient accura

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of reserpine, chlorpromazine and related compounds on the uptake of catecholamines by the adrenal medullary granules from the cow has been studied invitro.Both types of drugs were found to be competitive inhibitors of the adrenaline uptake by the granules. Thus they compete with adrenaline for the same groups in the uptake mechanism for catecholamines. Tryptamine was also found to accumulate in the granules but not by the same mechanism as used by the catecholamines and 5‐hydroxytryptamine, as Mg2+, ATP and reserpine did not have any influence on the uptake. The Km‐values for the uptake of adrenaline and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were 8 × 10‐4and 1.1 × 10‐4, r

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood was stored for different periods of time in three solutions 1) ACD solution 2) a less acidic medium and 3) a neutral solution containing citrate and phosphate buffer. At the beginning of the storage period the pH of the blood ranged from 6.8 (ACD) up to 7.4 (neutral solution). Furthermore the effect of the addition of adenine to each of these three solutions was tested. In some experiments storage of blood with final hematocrit values of about 66% instead of the usual about 40% was also investigated. With the two more neutral media hemolysis and glycolysis were more pronounced than in the acidic medium. Addition of adenine to the three solutions decreased hemolysis and increased glycolysis but its effect was much more pronounced in the two more neutral media. It was possible to maintain the concentration of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate in the erythrocytes if the cells were kept in a neutral solution, although this method gave a more rapid drop in the ATP level. In the more acid solutions the concentration of ATP remained higher, but the 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate rapidly disappeared. No major differences were observed between blood preserved in ACD solution with hematocrit of about 66% and the usual hematocrit of about

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between the frog's electro‐olfactogram (EOG) and the activity of single neurons in the olfactory bulb has been studied. In the absence of overt stimulation the units in the bulb exhibited a spontaneous activity with an average frequency of 0.7/sec. Butanol stimulation inhibited the activity of 65 per cent of the units investigated, 25 per cent were activated and 10 per cent reamined unaffected. Different types of odour gave different types of unitary response patterns. A standard odour mixture was more efficient in evoking inhibition than butanol alone. Some units were excited by low stimulus strength and inhibited by higher concentrations of odour. Units which were inhibited during odour stimulation frequently showed a post‐inhibitory excitation. The frequency of discharge of the activated units varied linearly with the amplitude of the EOG in the major part of the odour concentration range. The latency of the burst, measured from the start of the EOG, decreased from 400 to 100 msec with increasing stimulus strength. Adaptation was found to develop faster in the bulbar neurons than in the olfactory recept

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAllantoin and uric acid were measured in the urine and serum of virgin rats and reproducing rats at various times during pregnancy and lactation, and in the serum and amniotic fluid of foetuses on the 21st day of pregnancy. Urinary allantoin excretion increased steadily during pregnancy and remained high during the first 20 days of lactation but thereafter declined. Serum allantoin concentrations were higher in pregnant and lactating rats than in virgin rats. Amniotic fluid allantoin concentrations were greater than those of foetal serum, which in turn exceeded the maternal serum values. Uric acid concentrations were lower in serum and much lower in urine than allantoin concentrations in all samples examined.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProstaglandins E1, E2, E3and F1α(PGE1etc) were given intravenously to anesthetized dogs during continuous infusion of norepinephrine. PGE1, PGE2and PGE3in doses of 5 micrograms all significantly reduced the arterial concentration of the free fatty acids of plasma (FFA) and the blood pressure, while the same dose of PGF1αhad no significant effect. Continuous intraarterial infusions of PGE1during continuous infusion of norepinephrine had a more pronounced effect on FFA and blood pressure than continuous intravenous infusions. Infusion of PGE1almost completely blocked the usual increase of FFA caused by epinephrine and also resulted in a blood pressure fall during epinephrine infusion. PGE1diminished the plasma glucose response to epinephrine only slightly. Studies on the turnover rate of FFA with labeled albumin bound palmitate showed that PGE1completely blocked the norepinephrine induced stimulation of lipid mobilization. Infusion of PGE1during continuous infusion of norepinephrine also decreased the elevated plasma glycerol concentratio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorpromazine was administered to normal rats placed at 30° and 20° C and to cold acclimated rats exposed to 30° and 2°. Treatment of the animals at 30° produced no increase in catecholamine excretion. However, rats placed at either 20° or 2° significantly increased their noradrenaline excretion, and to a lesser extent their adrenaline excretion, following chlorpromazine. These increases, also noted in adrenalectomized rats and associated with hypothermia, could be prevented by pretreatment with a ganglionic blocker. It is concluded that the increase in noradrenaline excretion is a result of a temporary hypothermia produced by chlorpromazine and originates from sympathetic nerve e

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of Li, K and Na in different layers of the skin ofRana temporariawas investigated after active transport of lithium. During the transport period the skin was short‐circuited, and after it had been sectioned in the frozen state, the slices were weighed and analyzed for Li, K and Na It was found that:1. The concentration of Li was higher in the epithelial cells than in the outside solution for outside lithium concentrations of less than 10–20 mmole/1.2. This may be explained by assuming the inside of the epithelial cells negative with respect to the outside solution, and assuming the potential to be dependent on the outside concentration of lith

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1964.tb02882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY