摘要:

AbstractDanielsson, Å., B. Hellmanand I.‐B. Täljedal,Glucose tolerance in the period preceding the appearance of the manifest obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome in mice. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 81–44.After intraperitoneal glucose injections in suckling mice there was a higher frequency of glucosuria in those animals which later developed the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. The experimental design had a particular advantage in screening for the early identification of mice which are homozygous for the obese‐hyperglycemic gene. The observations also suggested that impairment of glucose metabolism represents a primary lesion in the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. The hypothesis that the accumulation of fat later in life only reflects an adaptation of the adipose tissue to the high circulating levels of insulin in the obese‐hyperglycemic mice deserves fu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNordström, S. and E. Zetterqvist.Effects of thombin infusions upon131I‐labellad fibrinogen in dogs. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 85–99.The elimination of131I‐labelled fibrinogen was followed in 5 groups of dogs: 1. after thrombin infusion, 2. after thrombin infusion in heparinized dogs, 3. after simultaneous infusions of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) and thrombin, 4. after simultaneous infusions of Trasylol and thrombin and 5. controls. Platelet number, fibrinogen concentration and radioactivity in plasma and fibrinogen were determined. Thrombin caused an immediate fall of both plasma and fibrinogen radioactivity. The plasma radioactivity, however, soon started to increase. This secondary increze of plasma radioactivity seemed to be due to fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products. This indicates that the thrombin‐induced intravascular coagulation gives rise to a secondary fibrinolytic process. In heparinized dogs the coagulation‐promoting effect of thrombin was inhibited. EACA and Trasylol in large doses, given simultaneously with thrombin, had no effect on the coagulation process but prevented the secondary plasma radioactivity increase. The fibrinogen‐fibrin degradation products at different times were calculated. It was also possible to estimate the amount of synthetized fibrinogen at the different times. The highest mortality was obtained in the Trasylol‐thrombin group. A probable explanation is that Trasylol is more effective than EACA in preventing the compensatory clot‐disso

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractP. Lundborgand R. E. Stitzel.Studies on the dual action of guanethidine in sympathetic nerves. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 100–107.Evidence is presented indicating that guanethidine inhibits both the transport of amines through the nerve cell membrane and an uptake mechanism present in amine‐storing granules. In vivo the onset of membrane pump blockade is the more rapid process, but inhibition of granular uptake is more long‐lasting. In vitro studies demonstrate that guanethidine can inhibit the uptake of14C‐adrenaline into bovine adreno‐medullary granules. The depletion of3H‐metaraminol seen after guanethidine administration may result from a reserpine‐like action on the amine storage granules and/or a protriptyline‐like action on the membrane pump. It is suggested that the membrane pump inhibiting ability possessed by guanethidine, but not reserpine. may account for the sympathomimetic activity and exogenous amine potentiation which often accompanies guanethidine, but not reserpine,

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJosefsson, L., O. Norénand H. Sjöström.Comparison of dipeptidase activity in different tissues of the pig. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 108–114.A comparative investigation of three dipeptidase activities (L‐alanyl‐L‐glutamic acid. L‐alanyl‐L‐proline and glycyl‐L‐leucine dipeptidase activity) of the trachea, the tuba uterina, the uterus and the small intestine of the pig has been made to study if the intestinal dipeptidasrs differ in their characteristics from the dipeptidases of other tissues. No indication was obtained supporting the idea that the intestinal dipeptidases would be different and constitute a group of conzymes, particularly adapted for

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEngberg, I., A. Lundbergand R. W. Ryall.The effect of reserpine on transmission in the spinal cord. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 115–122.In unanesthetized acute spinal cats, in which monoamine oxidase is inhibited, an i.v. injection of reserpine gives a profound depression of transmission from the flexor reflex afferents (FRA) to primary afferents and motoneurones. The effect is similar to that evoked by the monoamhe precursors DOPA or 5‐HTP including a release of late reflex actions from the FRA. In chrohic spinal cats reserpine has no effect on transmission from the FRA. The effect of reserpine is partially reversed by the 5‐HT antagonist Deseril (which also partially reverses the effect of 5‐HTP) but not by phenoxybenzamine (which reverses the effect of DOPA). It is postulated that reserpine acts by liberation of 5‐HT from descending fibres. The possibility that reserpine also acts on transmission from the FRA through liberation of noradrenaline is

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEngberg, I., A. Lundbergand K. Mi. Ryall.Is the tonic decerebrate inhibition of reflex paths mediated by monoaminergic pathways?Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 123–133.In unanesthetized decerebrate cats the effect of monoamine blockers has been investigated on the decerebrate tonic inhibitory control of transmission from the FRA (flexor reflex afferents) to motoneurones. No certain effect is obtained after injection of phenoxybenzamine but 5‐hydroxytryptamine antagonists (BOL or Deseril) give a partial release from the tonic descending control of transmission from the FRA. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor, nial‐amide, increased the effectiveness of the tonic control. The tonic decerebrate control may in part remain after complete destruction of the raphae nuclei. It is tentatively suggested that a 5‐hydroxytryptaminergic pathway descending from the raphae nuclei may contribute to, but probably is not solely responsible for, the tonic decerebrate control of transmission from

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAndén, S.‐E. and M. Henning.Effect of reserpine on the urinary excretion and the tissue levels of noradrenaline in the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 134–138.Reserpine. (10 mg/kg i.p.) caused R redtiction to about 10 per cent of the normal in the amoumt of noradrenaline excreted in the urine by adreno‐demedullated rats. After 48 hrs the noradrenalinc exerction had increased significantly (P<0.095) to ahout 30 per cent and after 72 hrs to about 55 per cent of normal. Simultaneously with these increases the sympathetic. nerve function is restored partially and completely, respectively. The noradranaline levels of sympathetically innervated organs were reduced almost completely after the reserpine injection and there was no significant change of them at the time of the functional recovery. Similarly results were obtained when an additional dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg i.p.) was given 72 hrs after the fir

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEhinger, B., B. Falckand H. Persson.Function of cholinergic nerve fibres in the cat iris dilator. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 139–147.The effect of electrical stimulation, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, isoprenaline, tyramine, phenoxybenzamine, dibenamine, atropine, and INPEA was investigated in normal, sympathetically and parasympathetically denervated dilator muscles. High‐frequency stimulation caused the muscle to contract and low‐frequency stimulation caused it to relax. The response to high‐frequency stimulation was blocked by phenoxybenzamine, dibenamine and sympa‐thectomy, while the response to low‐frequency stimulation was blocked by atropine and para‐sympathectomy. Acetylcholine gave an initial relaxation followed by a slow contraction. The latter was blocked by phenoxybenzamine. After sympathetic denervation, acetylcholine in moderate doses elicited relaxations only. Atropine in moderate concentrations depressed the response to noradrenaline and to high‐frequency stimulation. At lower doses, the effect was reversed: atropine potentiated the response to noradrenaline and high‐frequency stimulation. This potentiation was abolished by parasympathectomy. It is concluded that the dilator pupillae is innervated by both adrenergic and cholinergic fibres, and an interaction between the two fibre type

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDjojosugito, A., B. Folkow, B. Lisanderand H. Sparks.Mechanism of escapc of skeletal muscle resistance vessels from the influence of sympathetic cholinergic. vasdilator fibre, activity. Acta physiol. scand. 1968.72. 148–156.Experiments on the calf muscle circulation of cats and dogs indicate that the return of muscle blood flow to control level during sympathetic vasodilator fibre stimulation (the “escape” phenomenon) occurs only when antoregulation of flow in response to pressure changes is Well developed,i.e. when vascular smooth muscle “reactivity” is pronounced. When this is not the case, sustained vasodilatation is induced by prolonged activation of these fibres. The “escape” is therefore dependent on a counter regulation of the vascular effectors themselves. Precapillary sphincter activity is increased by, but does not significantly affect, the neurogenically reduced flow resistance. Further, sphincter activity returns to control when the “escape” develops, showing that this phenomenon is a property of smooth muscle located upstream of the sphincters, in the precapillary resistance vessels proper. The combined evidence suggests a very restricted site of action of the sympathetic cholinergic vasodilator fibres, directly suppressing only “pacemaker” smooth muscle cells and/or key sites of the upstream myogenic propagation of excitation from such pacemakers. Since pacemaker activity seems to be best developed in the smallest precapillary resistance vessels. neurogenic inhibitory action at this site would lead to dilatation of proximally situated resistance sections, which for their basal tone are dependent on propagated excitation. “Escape” would then occur if latent pacemarkers in this resistance section gradually became dominant and reestablished myogenic tone. Thig is a mechanism very similar to the “vagus esca

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1968.tb03837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntravesical pressure under isometric conditions was studied in anesthetized cats after operative canalization of the bladder. Records were obtained after selective transection at the peripheral and at the intraspinal level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves supplying the bladder, after rhizotomy of the thoraco‐lumbar and sacral nerves to the bladder, and after transection of the spinal cord at various levels. With small bladder volumes no change in pressure was observed after the various lesions, but as the volume increased, the concomitant rise in bladder pressure was progressively inhibited by sympathetic nervous impulses. In particular was this inhibition marked during the last one‐third of the cystometrogram. The sympathetic influence is maintained by a spinal reflex with the afferent path through the posterior sacral roots, its stimulus being stretching of the bladder wall. The effect of this spinal adaptation reflex is thus to permit increasing bladder volumes with only moderate increases in bladder pressure. ‘Nonspecific’ bladder responses consisted in an increase in motility caused by the laparotomy, and an inhibition of motility caused by any intraspinal procedure. This inhibitory effect was found to be due to discharge through the sympathetic nerves on manipulation of spinal structures, regardless of their relation to the segments supplying the

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-201X.1968.tb10823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY