摘要:

ABSTRACTReduction of the pH in Krebs solution with 0.05–0.4 units by adding lactic acid or acetic acid to a final concentration of 0.1–1.0 mmoles/l or by increasing the CO2concentration from 3–12 % (pH change 0.28) in the gassing mixture caused relaxation of isolated taenia coli from the guinea pig. In determining the electrical activity of the membrane of the muscle by the “sucrose gap” method, it was found that a pH reduction inhibited the action potential, and with yet lower pH values hyperpolarization was observed. In K+‐depolarized muscle a similar pH reduction had a tension‐increasing effect. Na+‐lactate increased the electrical activity of the membrane and had a tension‐increasing effect. — The addition of lactic acid in a concentration of 1 mmole/l which relaxed the carbacholine stimulated muscle, had no effect on the content of high energy phosphate compounds. It seems probable that the relaxing effect of H+‐ions was a result of its inhibitory effect on the electrical act

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe size of the rat's submaxillary gland and the total activity of choline acetylase in the gland were markedly and similarly increased after repeated teeth amputations. Preganglionic parasympathet‐ic denervation caused an atrophy of the gland and a pronounced decrease in enzyme activity. It did not inhibit the effects of repeated teeth amputations. Postganglionic sympathetic denervation alone caused a slight decrease in gland weight and an increase in choline acetylase activity. The effect of repeated teeth amputations was partly inhibited in sympathetically denervated glands. It was completely abolished in both parasympathetically and sympathetically denervated gland

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe noradrenaline (NA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was estimated by the trihydroxy‐indole reaction in patients with lumbar root syndromes or with mental diseases. The mean values found were 0.2±0.08 pg/l (7 cases) and 0.5±0.03 μ g/l (68 of 72 cases), respectively. In 4 cases of the latter group much higher values were obtained. In one case adrenaline was found in the CSF. So significant amounts of dopamine were demonstrable in the CSF.Conjugated NA in the CSF, which was detected in 19 of 22 cases studied, increased after oral administration of NA. The origin of free and conjugated NA in CSF with respect to the blood‐SCF barrier is dis

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe noradrenaline and dopamine levels in brain have been studied biochemically after exposure of rats to pure oxygen, oxygen and carbon dioxide, air, air and carbon dioxide at increased pressure up to 6 to 7 ata. After exposure to air with or without carbon dioxide added the catecholamine levels were unchanged, except for a tendency to decreased levels after about 5 hrs exposure to air without carbon dioxide at 7 ata. The behaviour of the rats during the exposure was unchanged. After exposure to oxygen decreased noradrenaline levels were found. Also the dopamine levels seemed to be decreased, but with carbon dioxide added to the oxygen the dopamine levels appeared to increase. During the oxygen exposure most rats developed convulsions. The onset of the convulsive state appeared earlier in rats exposed to oxygen with carbon dioxide added.The effects on the catecholamine levels are discussed with respect toe.g. the convulsions. Some symptoms at exposure to these gases at high pressure are suggested being due to effects on catecholamine or monoamine containing neurons in the brain.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of noradrenaline above a ligation of the albino rabbit sciatic nerve and the noradrenaline content of the adrenergic fibre system emanating from the sciatic nerve were determined biochemically. Using the obtained data the transport and life‐span of amine granules were calculated to be about 3 mm per hr and about 50 days, respectivel

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe behaviour of noradrenaline (NA) in double ligated rat and cat sciatic nerves was studied histo‐chemically, using the fluorescence method of Hillarp and coworkers, and biochemically using the trihydroxyindole method. It was found that a large amount of the NA in thc nerve betwcen the two ligations was transported down to the part just above the low ligation. By both method:; it was shown that during the first hours after the ligation the course of accumulation of NA in the nerve just proximal to the low ligation was about the same as the accumulation curve for the nerve (connected to the cell bodies) above the high ligature. Thereafter no further changes were found to occur in the nerve between the constrictions, whereas in the part above the high ligature the accumulation of NA continued as described earlier. The total NA content in the nerve between the two ligatures did not exceed the amount of a normal nerve of the same length. It was concluded that the transport mechanism in the adrenergic fibres is mainly independent of the cell hody (and the nerve terminals) and that no increase in the NA content in the axons occurs after a ligation of the nerve. Furthermore, the present study gives support to the earlier obtained data for the transport of amine granules in the sciatic nerve of rat and ca

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe accumulation of noradrenaline (NA) in the rat sciatic nerve after ligation was studied at different intervals after the administration of reserpine and tetrabenazine. The histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and coworkers was used. It was found that the two drugs were both able to abolish the NA fluorescence above and below both single and double ligations. Pretreatment with nialamide prevented the disappearance of NA occurring after reserpine. The reappearance of NA above a 1 hr ligation of the sciatic nerve occurred 15–18 hrs after an intraperitoneal injection of reserpine. The first signs of the reappearance was observed above a high ligation about 3 hrs before it could be seen above a ligation performed about 2 cm lower. The same pattern of recovery of NA in the sciatic nerve was observed in animals treated locally with reserpine on the ganglia, from which the adrenergic nerves in the sciatic nerve take their origin. However, the fluorescence of NA in these animals usually reappeared about 3 hrs earlier than in systemically treated animals. The restituted NA could be abolished by a second dose of reserpine. In double ligated rats recovery of NA after reserpine could be observed only above the upper ligation. After tetrabenazine, however, double ligated nerves regained the NA content almost completely above both lesions within 12–15 hrs. The results give strong support to the view that the amine storage granules are manufactured in the cell body and transported down the axons to the termin

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMeasuring the concentration of xylose in blood at intervals between the 15th and 65th minute following a rapid i.v. injection of 12.5 g of d (+)xylose into 5 healthy males, we found it decreasing at a steadily diminishing rate, indistinguishable from that of a single exponential process with an average half‐period of about 60 min. Starting at 30 min after the injection, the subjects worked for 10 min on a bicycle ergometer at 18 kpm/sec. This activity did not alter significantly the linear time course of the logarithm of blood xylose concentration, either during the exercise or in the 25 min of observation following it. A rough evaluation of possible contributing factors shows that any increase in the apparent volume of distribution of xylose during or after the exercise cannot have exceeded approximately 12 per cent of its average initial value, which was about 21 per cent of the subjects' average body weight. Thus, observations on human subjects in physiological conditions failed to confirm the contention, derived from findings in electrically induced muscular contractions of anesthetized animals, that the permeability of the cell membrane to sugars is increased to a physiologically important extent during muscular exercise, the alteration allegedly resembling closely that brought about by insulin. We conclude that the discrepancy between the present findings and those reported previously may be due to an interspecies difference in mechanisms of regulation or, rather, it reflects the fact that previous experiments involved far from physiological conditions, likely to induce e.g. fluid shifts and consequent distortions of interpretatio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn male Wistar rats the bile duct was tied up. Control rats were given a sham operation. After a week a single ethanol dose was given intraperitoneally and blood samples were analysed for ethanol. In the rats with obstructed bile flow, ethanol was oxidized at a considerably lower rate than in the controls. The possible reasons for this are discussed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of peripheral adequate stimulation on cortical barbiturate spindles were investigated after spinal lesions in lightly anesthetized cats. Certain effects can be evoked from the specific projection pathways, the dorsal columns and the spino‐cervical tract, but a generalized suppression of cortical spindles was obtained mainly via two other pathways. One of these pathways, identified as the bilateral ventral flexion reflex tract, ascends in the ventral funiculus. The other pathway ascends in the dorsolateral funiculus and consists of thin, possibly unmyelinated fibres. Both pathways could be activated by low and high threshold receptors in bilateral fields and gave a desyn‐chronization of cortical spindles outlasting the duration of stimulation. The cortical effects mediated via the specific projection spinal pathways were mainly found in somatosensory projection areas with a local abolition of spindles and increased background activity. In very light anesthesia a small and shortlasting generalized effect could sometimes be obtai

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY