ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The temporal sequence of the component potentials Puand Pni in the retina, the electrotonic potential and the spike activity in the optic nerve has been analyzed for the frog's eye with directly coupled amplifier and oscillograph.The slow potential changes follow in the sequence: P11], Pu, electrotonic potential and spike discharge both at onset and cessation of illumination. Their respective latencies are given for maximal stimuli. A diagram is shown in fig. 5.The electrotonic potential reproduces the properties of Pn. The theoretical significance of this result is being discussed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of an alteration in pH on the action of thrombin on fibrinogen has been investigated several times. In the present paper this relation is investigated for the fibrinogens of ox, chicken, horse and man.Summary.1The action of thrombin on fibrinogen of various species in relation to pH is investigated.2Fibrinogen shows species specificity.This work has been aided by grants from «Danmarks tekniske Hojskoles Fond for teknisk Kemi» and from «Lovons kemiske Fabrik», Copenha

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Microelectrode, amplifier and cathode ray have been used for the recording of “spikes” of activity from isolated elements of the retina of the guinea pig in response to monochromatic light of known energy distribution.The average distribution of sensitivity to spectral light of photopic (light‐adapted) and scotopic (dark‐adapted) eyes suggests that visual purple is the main substance mediating sensations in this eye. These curves are given in figs. 2 and 3.Individual units of scotopic retinae follow the absorption curve for visual purple very closely.In the photopic state most units are activated by a narrow sensitivity band with the maximun of visual purple; some units respond to a narrow band with maximum in 0.530μ.But there are also elements with maximum in the blue region around 0.460μ.As a rule these units cannot be isolated from those with maximum in 0.500JX.But assuming the “blue” elements to represent narrow bands of the type given by the “green” ones (maxima in 0.500 and 0.530p.)the average photopic curve, which possesses a hump in the blue region of the spectrum, can be combined by adding up the three elementary curves in the right proportion. Thus it has become possible to give a complete description of the spectral properties of the photopic elements in the guinea pig's eye.Isolated elements are easily obtained in this eye and their reaction types have been described.The possible relation of the “blue” substance to lactoflavin and “transient orange” has been discussed. Of all retinae hitherto studied this one has the most prominent sensitivity to blue light.The author is indebted to the Rockefeller Foundation for a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Eine Farbenreaktion mit Salicylaldehyd auf Isobutyraldehyd wird beschrieben und eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Isobutyraldehyds ist ausgearbeitet worden. Dieselbe Earben‐reaktion wird zum Nachweis von Valin verwendet und zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Valins vorgeschlagen.Diese Untersuchung ist mit Mitteln aus der Stiftung «Therese och Johan Anderssons minne» ausgeführt. Herrn Doktor E. Jorpes danke ich für wertvolle Hdfe und Ratsc

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The action of a number of adrenaline substitutes on isolated rabbit's small intestine in Tyrode solution has been studied.2All the investigated drugs inhibit the intestine, if the dose is sufficiently large. Ephedrine, benzedrine, veritoi, d‐sympatol, d‐corbasil and d‐adrianol stimulate the intestine in lower cone.3With regard to their inhibiting action the investigated drugs may be classified as follows.I. adrenaline, adrenalone, arterenol, d‐ and 1‐corbasil, d‐ and 1‐adrianol.This group is characterized bya. the inhibiting action is of the wellknown «adrenaline‐iype», i. e. the effect is momentary and transient.b. the inhibiting action is completely and reversibly abolished by bee venom and ergotamine in sufficient doses.II. d‐, 1‐ and dl‐ephedrine, suprifen, veritoi, d‐ and 1‐sympatol, benzedrine.In contrariety to group I this group is characterized by:a. the inhibiting effect develops gradually and slowly, in several cases it shows a primary motor phase («motorial peak»); there is no recovery without washing and the effect is often difficult to wash out.b. the inhibiting action is not abolished by bee venom or ergotamine even in maximal doses.4It is concluded that the inhibiting action of the drugs belonging to group II cannot be due to action on the sympathetic nerve endings or the specific receptors but must be due todirect muscular depression.5From the chemical structure of the investigated drugs it will be evident that the substances belonging to group I contain a hydroxyl‐group in meta‐position,

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The spike potential accompanying single isometric twitches in the cat's tibialis anticus muscle elicited by indirect stimulation is followed by a slow potential of negative sign (NAP).The negative after potential, as a rule, rapidly reaches a maximum and then in about a second approaches the resting potential level Repeated stimuli of frequencies of about 5/sec and more give rise to a summed negativity, the magnitude of which depends on the shape of the single NAP and on the frequency and duration of stimulation up to certain limits, persisting for as long as a minute.At the height of the post‐tetanic negativity the single NAP is reduced in amplitude and duration, in inverse proportion to the total negativity. As the total negativity falls after the cessation of the stimuli, the single NAP recovers and reaches its original magnitude when the post‐tetanic negativity has passed.No correlation was found between the degree of potentiation of the post‐tetanic twitch tension and the posttetanic negativity or the single NAP.Potassium chloride injected into the arteries of the muscle caused the NAP to decrease, or disappear, or even to change into a positive potential. In the latter case the usual post‐tetanic negativity was changed into a positive potential. Even in the complete absence of the NAP, the muscle twitch tension and the spike potential may be of normal ma

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die durch CO hervorgerufene Erhöhung resp. Hemmung der Atmung des Froschsartorius ist nilcht vollkommen reversibel. Welche der beiden Wirkungen überwiegt, hängt von der Grösse der Normalatmung ab. Für die nachträgliche Erhöhung der Atmung der CO‐behandelten Muskeln kann eine Oxydation von CO zu CO2nicht verantwortlich gemach

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Résumé.Dans la discussion sur Ie point d'attaque de l'effet promoteur du métabolisme de la thyroxine, on a soutenu que celle‐ci agissait sur les mécanismes régulateurs centraux, mécanismes qui font défaut chez les animaux à sang froid, sur la consommation d'oxygène de qui la thyroxine n'aurait, en conséquence, aucun effet.Les expériences présentées ci‐dessus, où la consommation d'oxygène chez des tétards a été mesurée selon la méthode de Warburg, ont cependant donné les résultats suivants:Le dinitrophénol peut augmenter la consommation d'oxygène chez des tétards jusqu'à un maximum de 2 fois la consommation normale. La thyroxine produit un accroissement d'environ 30%.Si on traite au dinitrophénol des tétards au préalable traités à la thyroxine, Vaccroissement de la consommation d'oxygène devient sensiblement ‘plus grand que la somme de l'effet des corps pris séparément. Ce synergisms est supprimé ou affaibli par une profonde narcose produite par de I'uréthane, tandis que Faction du dinitrophénol subsiste.Aux points de vue examinés ici, les tétards réagissent de la mêrae façon que les animaux à sang chaud. On ne peut done pas parler de différence de principe entre ceux‐ci et ceux‐là po

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY