摘要:

AbstractAppelberg, B.Muscle spin flexions in a flexion reflex elicited by natural stimulation.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.145–153.In the decerebrate and unanesthetized cat, spinalized at low thoracic level a flexion reflex in the peroneus tertius or the semitendinosus muscle was evoked by natural stimulation of the paw. The behaviour of primary muscle spindle afferents from the muscle under phasic as well as static conditions was studied in the absence of as well as during a reflex contraction. On the basis of the reactions of the spindles to these tests it could be concluded that during a flexion reflex evoked in a natural way static fusimotor neurones are active together with alpha motoneurones. Dynamic fusimotor neurones, on the other hand, do not participate in the refle

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRostad, H.Colonic motility in the cat. IV. Peripheral pathways mediating the effects induced by hypothalamic and mesencephalic stimulation.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.154–168.The peripheral pathways by which the hypothalamus and mesencephalon influence the motility of the colon have been studied by combining brain stimulation and peripheral nerve sectioning, and by use of autonomic blocking agents.Excitatorycolonic effects induced from the hypothalamic sympatho‐inhibitory area with concomitant blood pressure falls were found to be mediated through the sympathetic lumbar colonic nerves, whereas excitatory responses with associated blood pressure rises were conveyed through the latter as well as through the parasympathetic pelvic nerves. On the other hand, the augmentatory colonic effects usually associated with blood pressure rise evoked from the mesencephalon were conveyed through the lumbar colonic nerves only. The responses through the lumbar colonic and pelvic nerves were blocked by guanethidine and atropine, respectively. The augmentatory colonic responses from the hypothalamic sympatho‐inhibitory area were blocked by the beta‐adrenergic blocking agent propranolol, whereas the effects from the other responsive hypothalamic areas, transmitted through the lumbar colonic nerves, were blocked by alpha‐blocker (phenoxybenzaminc), but not by propranolol. This finding support the presence of alpha‐excitatory receptors in the colonic wall.Inhibitionof colonic motility induced by hypothalamic and mesencephalic stimulation, weir found to be mediated through the lumbar colonic as well as through the splanchnic nerves. The effects were blocked by guanethidine, and those from the responsive hypothalamic zones were also blocked by

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1953.tb00970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRostad, H.Colonic motility in the cat. V. Influence of telencephalic stimulation and the peripheral pathways mediating the effects.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.169–181.The cerebral cortex and intracerebral structures were stimulated in lightly anesthetized cats while colonic motility was recorded using extraluminal strain gage transducers. Excitatory colonic responses were produced from the anterior ectosylvian gyrus (the second somatic sensory‐motor area) and from a small zone around the anterior end of the lateral sulcus. These effects were shown to be mediated through the vagal nerves. Colonic inhibition resulted from stimulation of three separate cortical zones, the anterior sigmoid, the orbital and the anterior cingulate gyrl These effects were mediated mainly through the lumbar colonic nerves. Stimulation of the amygdaloid nuclei produced excitatory colonic effects mediated through the lumbar colonic nerves. Inhibitory effects were not obtained from the amygdala. Finally, weak colonic contractions resulted from stimulation of the olfactory bulb and tract and were found to be conveyed through the parasympathetic vagal and pelvic ner

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRasanen, T. AND E. Taskinen.The count of mast cells, tissue eosinophils, and epithelial mitoses of rat gastrointestinal mucosa after aspirin treatment.Acta, physiol. scand. 1973.89. 182–186.Mucosal mast cells, tissue eosinophils and epithelial mitoses were counted in the gastrointestinal tract of rats given 1, 3 and 5 times 10 nig of aspirin in 5 ml of water at 12 h intervals by cannulation into the stomach. The mast cell count of the gastric and duodenal mucosa ot rats receiving aspirin fell sharply. No significant change was observed in tissue eosinophilia. The mitotic count in the epithelium of stomach declined clearly, but no decrease occurred in the mitoses of the epithelial cells in the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and colon. The results seem to indicate that the injurious action of aspirin is transmitted so that the gastric mucosal mast cells possibly participate in it directly: the heparin contained in the mast cell granules inhibits in the phase of liberation the mitotic activity, especially in the gastric epithelium, and the blood coagulation mechanism locally. The histamine and liliydroxy‐tryptamine liberation associated with the release of heparin results in the stimulation of secretion and in vascular reactions of the gastric muc

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLeppaluoto, J.Electrical stimulation of human thalamic and amygdaloid ana and plasma Cortisol concentration.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.187–191.The concentration of plasma Cortisol was measured from blood samples drawn through indwelled catheters at 3–5 min intervals in 4 resting healthy subjects and in 5 patients after electrical stimulation of the thalamus and amygdala via chronic electrodes implanted for the treatment of psychomotor seizures. In the healthy subjects (laboratory staft) the plasma Cortisol level, measured by a fluorometric method, was initially high (10 ‐ 37 μg/100 ml), evidently due to emotional affectivity of the experimental situation, and decreased within 10 min by 10μg in 2 subjects and the increased within 10 min by 5–20 μg in 3 subjects. These rapid changes of the plasma Cortisol level, bursts, were significant and are a new physiological phenomenon. In the patients the thalamus and amygdala were stimulated 30 s (pulse duration 1 ms, repetetive frequency 50 Hz, unidirectional square wave pulses) to the voltage level at which the patient felt a subjective sensation (4 ‐12 V). After repetctive stimulations of thalamus (3 patients, 6 times) and amygdala (2 patients, 3 times) the changes in the plasma Cortisol levels were inconsistent and similar to those seen in the healthy subjects. No conclusion about the function of the pituitary‐adrenal axis and amygdala of thalamus was drawn, because the plasma Cortisol values were evidently influenced by their temporal relation to the secretion bursts

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaisi, U., S. Leisti, J. Leppäluoto, J. Lumio, J. Partanenand P. Virkkunen.Growth hormone and Cortisol secretion in man.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.192–197.In 4 healthy resting males blood was collected through indwelled catheters at 1–3 min intervals and EEG recorded in a sound‐shielded anechoic environment for 30 min (expt. 1). The iminunorcactive plasma growth hormone was at high concentration (10–33 ng/ml) and was secreted in 3 significant bursts in one subject, but was low (0–4 ng/ml) in 3 other subjects. The plasma Cortisol, measured by a fluorometric method, was at low and constant level (mean ±S.D. = 8.9±1.5 μg/100 ml). The EEG vigilance fluctuated between wakefulness and real sleep. The plasma growth hormone concentration tended to be high at wakeful stages and low at sleep stages. There was no correlation between vigilance and plasma Cortisol level. In the middle of the following experiment (expt. 2) a painful faradic current was applied to the forearm for 10 s and blood was collected as in expt. 1. The plasma Cortisol level before the painful stimulus was significantly increased (12.3±4.6 /yg/100 nil) and did not change after the stimulus, in spite of the clear increase of vigilance. The high prc‐stimulus level of plasma Cortisol is evidently due to anticipatory mechanisms. We conclude that growth hormone is secreted in bursts which may last as short as 5 min and that the increase of vigilance could trigger the secretion of growth hormone but not

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHellekant, G. and Y. Kasahara.Secretory fibres in the trigeminal pa'.rt of the lingual nerve to the mandibular salivary gland of the rat.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.198–207.The nerve supply to and the secretion from the mandibular salivary gland of the rat have been studied. It was found that a) secretory fibres are given off from the chorda‐lingual nerve on its peripheral course until it reaches the mandibular and sublingual ducts, b) secretion of saliva was observed and secretion could be evoked even when the facial portion of the chorda‐lingual nerves was cut. The flow did not stop until its trigeminal portion was also cut, c) the cessation of secretion after the trigeminal portion was cut was not the result of a loss of sensory impulses to the CNS, d) impulses could also be recorded fiorn the nerve fibres given off from the chorda‐lingual nerve to the gland after its facial portion was cut; e) electrical stimulation of the peripheral part of the trigeminal portion elicited secretion, which was generally larger than that in response to stimulation of the facial portion. Simultaneous stimulation of both portions gave the largest secretion, f) no difference between the sodium and potassium concentrations in saliva elicited by stimulation of the two nerve portions was observed. Atropine blocked the secretion caused by stimulation of any of the

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHellekant, G. and Y. Kasahara.Salivatory fibres in the trigeminal part of the lingual nerve to the mandibular salivary gland of the monkey.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89. 208–212.In the monkey electrical stimulation at different frequencies was applied to the peripheral ends of the centrally cut trigeminal and facial branches of the chorda‐lingual nerve, while the secretion from the mandibular salivary gland was studied. It was found that a) a secretion could be elicited from the gland by stimulation of either of the two branches, b) the secretion elicited by stimulation of the trigeminal branch was slightly smaller than elicited by the facial branch. which is said to be the sole source of secretory fibres to this gland in the nerve, c) the sodium and potassium contents of the saliva elicited by the two nerve branches did not differ and were similar to that observed in human sal

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJarhult, J.Osmotic fluid transfer from tissue to blood during hemorrhagic hypotension.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.213–226.Arterial and venous plasma osmolality and glucose concentration, and net transcapillary fluid movements were studied in the cat lower leg muscles during hemorrhagic hypotension (50 mm Hg). Arterial plasma osmolality increased rapidly after bleeding and exceeded after 20 min the control value by about 20 mOsm/kg H2O, a level maintained during the remainder of the 90 min observation period. Popliteal venous osmolality rose much more slowly and did not reach the arterial level until some 50 min after the bleeding. Studies of plasma glucose concentration showed that the arterial and regional venous hyperosmolality almost entirely could be ascribed to a concomitant hyperglycemia, in particular during the first 30 min of hemorrhage. A clearcut arterio‐venous osmolar difference in the muscle (reflecting a transcapillary osmolar gradient) was thus present in the early (≅50 min) stages of bleeding. In the sympathectomized muscle region an absorption of extravascular fluid to the blood stream occurred as long as this arterio‐venous osmolar difference existed, strongly indicating that the fluid transfer was caused by osmosis. Comparative studies on the innervated and the sympathectomized muscle region showed that the extravascular fluid absorption due to reflex decrease of hydrostatic capillary pressure was most prominent in the early (<20 min) stages of bleeding, whereas the osmotic fluid absorption was maintained for a more prolonged period of time. Both mechanisms no doubt are important for plasma volume restoration after hem

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiber, B., O. Lundgrenand J. Svanvik.The influence of blood flow on the rate of absorption of85Kr from the small intestine of the cat.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.227–238.A method for studying the absorption rate of an easily diffusable substance,sr‘Kr, from the small intestinal lumen to the intestinal blood stream is described and tested. The technique involves a fast, luminal perfusion with saline having a constant concentration ofs’Kr and a continuous registration of the radioactivity in the venous outflow from the intestine. Absorption rate is estimated from the amount of tracer appearing in the mesenteric vein and expressed as volume of blood that per unit time is fully equilibrated with the luminal contents. During “resting” conditions (total intestinal blood flow 25 ml/minX100 g) the absorption rate was about 5 ml/minx 100 g and during a moderate hyperemia (total intestinal blood flow 100 ml/ minX100g) induced by isopropylnoradrenaline absorption rate increased to about 13 ml/minX100g. The results are discussed in relation to the small intestinal mucosal blood circulation and countercurrent

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1973.tb05515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY