ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSympathetic ganglia have been found to contain a population of small monoamine storing cells, distinct from the sympathetic nerve cells. The small cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat have been subjected to histochemical and microspectrophotometric investigations. Fluorescence spectra from these cells, and from sympathetic nerve cells, after formaldehyde treatment according to Falck and Hillarp, have been found to be identical to those of catecholamines in model systems, processed in the same way. Results from experiments using varying reaction conditions indicate that the small cells mainly store a primary catecholamine. Judging from experiments with reserpine and metaraminol, they seem to have a slower turnover of their amines than the nerve cells. The functional role of these cells is not clear, but they might be a reminiscence of a primitive catecholamine storing cell system.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe noradrenaline (NA) content of one pair of the cervical sympathetic ganglia of cat was estimated. In the same cats the area innervated by these ganglia,i.ethe head and neck tissues, were also examined for NA. The ganglia were found to contain 104 ng NA per pair and the innervated tissue 32 μg on the average. The ratio between cell bodies and terminals for NA content was thus about 1: 300. Using results from earlier studies of the NA content per varicosity and values of the number of cells in these ganglia obtained by other investigators, the average total length of the terminal system of each neuron was calculated to be in the order of 10 cm

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe accumulation of noradrenaline (NA) above a ligation of the rat and cat sciatic nerve and the NA content of the adrenergic fibre system derived from this nerve were estimated. From the data obtained the rate of transport of amine storage granules and their life‐span were calculated. For the rat the rate of transport was found to be 5–6 mm per hr and the life‐span to be about 35 days. The corresponding values for the cat was 9–10 mm per hour and about 70 days, respe

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe noradrenaline (NA) content of the iris and vas deferens (1 cm) of the rat was determined spectrophotofluorimetrically. Using the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and co‐workers the number of varicosities of adrenergic nerve terminals in iris and in 1 cm of vas deferens was estimated. It was found that the NA content per iris and in 1 cm of vas deferens was 4.7 and 310 ng as a mean, respectively. The amount of NA per varicosity was found to be about 4.2 × 10‐3pg in the iris and about 5.9 × 10‐3pg in the vas deferens. The concentration of NA in the varicosities was calculated to be in the order of 0.1–0.3 per cent, and the number of amine granules in a varicosity to be in the order

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe uptake of L‐DOPA, D‐DOPA and 5‐HTP in the CA forming mast cells in the hamster was studied by means of the histochemical fluorescence method of Hillarp and coworkers. It was found that the mast cells of the cheek pouch did not develop any fluorescence even after high doses of L‐DOPA. The mast cells of the ear, on the other hand, which normally show a weak green fluorescence, were able to take up both DOPA and 5‐HTP, but not DA. The amount of precursor taken up and/or decarboxylated by the cells was by far largest after L‐DOPA treatment, but much smaller after D‐DOPA or 5‐HTP administration. Decarboxylase inhibition (NSD‐1015) prevented to a large degree the development of fluorescence after L‐DOPA treatment. MAO‐inhibition did not increase the fluorescence intensity in normal animals, whereas pretreatment with the MAO‐inhibitor nialamide was necessary to give an obvious yellow fluorescence in the mast cell granules after 5‐HTP administration. It is suggested that these mast cells contain a true DOPA decarboxylase with a certain stereospecificity for the L‐isomer. The presence of a weak MAO‐activity i

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe formation and break‐down of 5‐HT in the rat pineal gland during daylight conditions has been investigated with a combination of fluorescence microscopic and fluorimetric methods. 5‐HT occurs in large and equal amounts in the pinealocytes and in the intrapineal sympathetic nerve fibres. Inhibition of 5‐HT synthesis either at the hydroxylation or at the decarboxylation step causes parenchymal 5‐HT to disappear within one to two hours, while little change is found in the nervous indole level. This indicates a turn‐over rate for 5‐HT in the pinealocytes considerably higher than in the intrapineal nerves. An intact sympathetic innervation of the pinealocytes is not essential for the 5‐HT turn‐over. Although monoamine oxidase is active in the degradation of pineal 5‐HT, inhibition of the enzyme does not increase pineal 5‐HT levels overtly, nor does it interfere with the turnover rate in the pinealocytes. Various explanations

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a combined biochemical and histochemical investigation the following quantitative data on a unilateral nigro‐neostriatal dopamine neuron system in the rat have been obtained or calculated. — The number of neurons is 3,500 on the average. — There are about 120 pg dopamine per neuron (1 pg = 10‐12g). — The terminals contain 50 (or 150) times more dopamine than the cell bodies. —The terminal system of one neuron varies mainly between 55 and 77 cm in length and contains about 500,000 varicosities. — The neostriatum, with a volume of 33 mm3, contains 109dopamine varicosities occupying 0.3 % of the volume, and 4,000,000 nerve cell bodies (not containing dopamine). — One average dopamine varicosity, with a diameter of 0.4 μ, contains 2.5 × 10‐4pg dopamine, and has a dopamine concentration around 8,000 μg/g. — One dopamine cell body of the substantia nigra, with a mean diameter of 30 μ, contains 2.5 (or 0.8) pg dopamine, and has a dopamine concentration

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy means of sensitive and specific methods for histochemical and biochemical determination of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) we have succeeded in demonstrating and mapping out a number of ascending monoamine neuron systems from the lower brain stem by studying the anterograde and retrograde changes that occur in these neurons after various types of brain lesions. In this way it has been possible to discover: 1) a large, uncrossed nigro‐neostriatal DA neuron system; 2) a DA neuron system, arising from cell‐bodies in the mesen‐cephalon, ascending uncrossed in the medial forebrain bundle close to the nigro‐neostriatal DA fibres, and innervatinge.g.the tuberculum olfactorium and nuc. accumbens; 3) ascending NA neuron systems with cell‐bodies situated mainly in the medulla oblongata and pons (locus coeruleus, formatio reticularis), and axons running uncrossed mainly in the medial forebrain bundle, innervatinge.g.the limbic forebrain structures, the neocortex and the hypothalamus; 4) ascending 5‐HT' neurons with cell‐bodies situated mainly in the raphe nuclei of the mesencephalon (nuc. raphe dorsalis, nuc. raphe medianus), and axons running uncrossed mainly in the medial forebrain bundle, innervatinge.g.the limbic forebrain structures and the hypothalamus. The effects observed on the amine levels of the neurons represent intraneuronal and not tran

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe vasoconstrictor response to “diving” was simulated in pentobarbital‐anesthetized ducks by administration of 20 % CO2combined with vagotomy and controlled bleeding. Muscle blood flow, 30–50 ml/min ×. 100 g, at rest, could by reflex vasoconstriction be almost stopped and was then barely increased by exercise; in the absence of vasoconstriction, however, exercise increased flow to about 150 ml. In cats exercise produced considerable flow increases also during vasoconstriction; further, maximal flow reached only some 50 ml. Simultaneous recordings of venous outflow and pressures in the femoral artery and a small (0.3–0.5 mm) extramuscular artery revealed that large extramuscular arteries constrict far more in ducks than in cats and then fail to manifest ascending dilatation. The femoral artery has a far richer supply of adrenergic nerve terminals in ducks than in cats. In all the above respects, turkeys were more similar to cats than to ducks. In duck muscles maximal contractile force increased during CO2breathing due to augmentation via the sympathetic innervation (Orbeli effect), an effect mimicked by intra‐arterial catechol amines. The ability of diving animals to maintain muscle vasoconstriction during exercise while diving may well reside in the differently balanced vascular innervation with intense constrictions of extramuscular vessels. The sympathetic augmentation of contractility may partly compensate for the effect of flow reduction. The larger maximal flow capacity and capillary area in duck muscles facilitates rapid post‐di

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY