摘要:

Summary.1. Substance P is found in the small intestine in the greatest concentration in the duodenum and the jejunum. In colon and rectum the amount of the substance is high.2. The highest concentration of substance P is found in the muscular coat of the mucous membrane.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Some types of supersensitivity of the submaxillary gland cells to chemical agents have been studied quantitatively. The increased sensitivity which is obtained after section of the chorda tympani, removal of the superior cervical ganglion, injection of cocaine or prolonged treatment with atropine is shown to be un‐specific. Section of the chorda and treatment with atropine seems to give rise to similar types of supersensitivity, which in many respects differ from the type produced by extirpation of the superior cervical ganglion or injection of cocaine.The expenses of this investigation have been defrayed in part by a grant to one of us (N. E.) from the Swedish Medical Research Counci

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The effects of prolonged administration of atropine and pilocarpine on the microscopic picture and on the adrenaline sensitivity of the submaxillary gland was studied in cats.2. Subcutaneous injections of atropine sulphate (in doses increasing from 1 to 12—20 mg/kg, given twice a day) over a period of approximately one week caused changes in sbructure and adrenaline sensitivity similar to those seen after transection of the chorda tympani.3. The structural and functional changes were not found after section of the chorda: in cats injected with pilocarpine hydrochloride twice daily (0.5 ± 1.0 mg/kg) for a week or more.Our thanks are due to Miss Gunhild Hansson for skilled help with the histological work. The expenses of this work were in part defrayed by a grant from “Stiftelsen Therese och Johan Anderssons Mi

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00832.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Carbonic anhydrase has been demonstrated in the iris + ciliary processes of the rabbit.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The synthesis and chemical properties of two series of new N‐substituted 5,5‐diallylbarbituric acids and 5,5‐diphenylhydantoins with the same variations in the substituent group on the nitrogen are reported. The following results were found using the supramaximal electroshock method.The barbiturates and hydantoins were equally potent in shortening the tonic phase. Both groups of derivatives prolonged the clonic phase, but the prolongation was twice as long in the case of the hydantoins. The total length of the seizure was unchanged by the hydantoins but significantly shortened by the barbiturates.The introduction of various radicals on one of the nitrogens of the parent compounds could not change their different qualitative character but produced considerable variations in the median anticonvulsant doses, the effect usually differing in the two series.The carboxymethyl derivative of 5,5‐diphenylhydantoin was as active as the parent compound, the other N‐substituted derivatives being less active than their parent compounds. The allyl derivatives were more effective than the corresponding methyl derivatives.In the N‐substituted barbiturates the anticonvulsant activity was not closely related to the hypnotic

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Evidence is assembled from the literature sustaining the view that various stimuli (stressor agents) which produce the general adaptation syndrome (Selye) also inhibit the dermal spread of dyes both in the presence and absence of hyaluronidase.2. The dermal spread of a hemoglobin solution was inhibited in living rabbits exposed to cold for 15–16 hours. No inhibition was found when the rabbits were killed immediately before the spreading test.3. In mice exposed to cold for 11 days there was an inhibition of the spread in dead animals also.4. The results are discussed and it is proposed that the inhibition of the spread in living animals (and not in dead ones) after a short exposure to cold may be due to another mechanism than the inhibition of the spread found in dead animals after an extended exposure to cold. These two mechanisms of inhibition may be connected with different phases of the general adaptation syndrome,i. e. the alarm reaction with eventual changes in the peripheral circulation and the stage of resistance with a possible change in the structure of the connective tissue. Specific effects of cold, however, cannot be excluded.5. It is emphasized that the inhibition produced by alarming stimuli may be a source of error in experiments on dermal spread but can be avoided using appropriate experimental condition

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Determinations of the pain threshold temperature for the skin can be repeated with a deviation less than 0.1oC. The pain threshold temperature for the skin of the forearm in normal subjects has been examined before and after the application of acetyl‐beta‐methylcholine chloride, acetylcholine chloride, prostigmine (Roche) and atropine sulphate. The substances were applied in isoosmotic solutions, either by intracutaneous injection in NaCl solutions beside the area to be examined, or by iontophoresis, when dissolved in alcohol, directly on the test area.Control experiments were performed on the same subjects, using injections of 0.9 % NaCl and iontophoresis with hydrolysed acetyl‐beta‐methylcholine in a 5 % alcoholic solution.Acetyl‐beta‐methylcholineiontophoresis with concentrations of 1: 100–1: 1,000 caused statistically significant decreases in the pain threshold temperature. The largest decreases (3.5–5.5oC.) were found in the first determinations and when the highest concentrations were used. Uniform results were obtained on different areas of the single subject, while considerable individual differences in the effect were noticed. Intracutaneous injection of small amounts (1–40 μg) produced a decrease in the pain threshold, while larger amounts (100–300 μg) evoked an increase, which was followed by a return to the normal value.Acetylcholineinjection (0.1–1 μg) produced significant decreases in the pain threshold. The effect disappeared within few minutes.Prostigmineinjection (0.5–1 times 10_1– 10‐2μg) produced significant decreases in the pain threshold temperature after several minutes and of long duration.Atropine sulphateinjection (50 μg) produced after 10–30 minutes significant increases in the pain threshold temperature.The dissociation between flushing of the skin and skin temperature on the one hand and the changes in the pain threshold on the other indicates that the latter cannot be secondary to the change in the vessels, humidity or temperature of the skin, but must be attributed to a direct effect of the acetylcholine either on the pain receptors or the nerve fibres connected with them. The experiments with prostigmine and atropine indicate thatchanges in the concentration of the active acetylcholine normally liberated in the shin may influence the sensitivity to Pain. It is, therefore, possible that the activity of the pain receptors is influenced by changes in the acetylcholine content of the skin. The mechanism

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The pore radii of 5 Rehbergfilters have been measured on the basis of calculations of thickness, water permeability, and water content. The values ranged from 20.72 mμ to 27.28 mμ.Investigations have been made of the ultrafilterability of various substances with known molecular weights. The substances with a molecular weight of 1,600 or less were all ultrafilterable in aqueous solution, while those with a molecular weight of 2,500 or more were not.Two substances with known molecular diameters (1.0 mμ and 80 mμ) showed an ultrafilterability which was accountable for exclusively by their sizes in proportion to the pore size. It has been shown that the presence of other — even low‐molecular – compounds can inhibit the ultrafilterability of a given

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Free amino acids in tissues form different groups. Some acids are present in high relative concentrations in blood serum as well as in all tissues investigated. Other acids are absent from blood serum but present in one or more of the tissues. Some acids are present in high relative concentrations in certain organs only.2. Free aminoethylphosphate is a normal constituent of animal tissues.3. Free γ‐aminobutyric acid is present in brain in relative high concentration.4. Free diffusion play only an insignificant role for the distribution of free amino‐acids through the living orga

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Sectioning of the periarterial nerves to the spleen in the sheep was accompanied by a fall in the noradrenaline content from 3–4 μg per g to less than 0.1 μg per g and in the adrenaline content from 0—0.14 μg per g to 0.02 μg per g or less. By 3–4½ months after denervation the noradrenaline had increased to 0.2–0.4 μg per g indicating some functional regeneration of the nerves.A corresponding reduction in the noradrenaline and adrenaline was also observed in kidney, parotid and submaxillary glands, and in liver. A rise in noradrenaline was observed in the kidney 41/2months after denervation.The relative decrease in adrenaline after denervation was in many cases less than that of noradrenaline, a result which would be expected if adrenaline derives from chromaffine cells

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1951.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY