摘要:

AbstractIn fasting rabbits studies were made of the influence of thyroidhormone on the calorigenic effect of adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) and their elevating actions on the concentration of lactic acid, glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood. Thyroxine treatment potentiated significantly the calorigenic and hyperlactacidemic effects of A in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg/min, but not that of 0.05 μg/kg/min. The hyperglycemic effect of A was weaker after thyroxine treatment, while its effect on the plasma FFA was not changed with certainty. After thyroidectomy the calorigenic and hyperlactacidemic effects of A were significantly diminished. In untreated animals the calorigenic, hyperlactacidemic and hypergly‐cemic effects of NA in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg/min were weaker than those of A in the same dose, while the effect on the plasma FFA was more marked. Thyroxine treatment did not with certainty influence any of the metabolic effects of NA. Most of the calorigenic effect of A could be ascribed to an increased lactic acid metabolism both in untreated, thyroidectomized and thyroxine treated rabbits. The influence of thyroid hormones on the calorigenic effect of A in rabbits may therefore be ascribed, at least in part, to an increased lactic acid production and metabo

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe polypeptides bradykinin, kallidin and eledoisin were more potent vasoconstrictors in an isolated blood‐perfused rabbit lung preparation than were noradrenaline, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and histamine. Acetylcholine was, however, even more potent as a vasoconstrictor in the preparation than were the three polypeptides. The polypeptides were apparently not acting via a liberation into the perfusate of circulating noradrenaline, 5‐hydroxytryptamine or histamine. Bradykinin and kallidin both showed some tachyphylaxis, and also cross‐tachyphylaxis, indicating a common site of action. Eledoisin showed a very marked tachy‐phylaxis, but no cross‐tachyphylaxis towards the two other peptides, indicating a different site of action from that of bradykinin and kallidin. Phenylbutazone and sodium salicylate reduced the responses to plasma kinin injections by some 30–60 per cent, but nonspecifically, ase.g.5‐hydroxytryptamine responses were reduced to

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cardiac catecholamine uptake of tracer doses of tritiated noradrenaline (3H‐d1‐NA) was studied using guinea pig heart‐lung preparations. Acute heart failure was induced by mechanically overloading the left ventricle through increasing the resistance of the outflow tract.3H‐NA uptake during failure (average 22%), was significantly lower than in the controls (average 31%). When the failing heart was recompensated with ouabain, the NA uptake was also restored to normal. Ouabain alone did not have any effect on3H‐NA uptake. The decreased NA uptake during acute heart failure was not attributed to a decreased coronary blood flow as86Rb uptake was not affected. It is suggested that decreased uptake of NA during heart failure is causally related to the hypo‐dynamic state of the myocardium, and that restoration of normal uptake after ouabain is associated with the improvement of myocardial contractile force. Possible explanation of these relationships ar

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnbuffered suspensions of human thrombocytes in which pH attained values up to 8.8, did not consume oxygen, except initially, as determined in cartesian divers. However, thrombocytes treated with bovine albumin solutions respired constantly for several hours, so did thrombocytes suspended in plasma with pH 6.0 containing HCl, H2SO4, 0.25M citrate buffer, or 0.30M tris buffer, One thrombocyte consumed about 10‐8μl/hr of oxygen at pH 6.0–7.8 during the first 3–6 hrs. During the following hours the respiration declined depending on pH so that 1/4 to 1/2 of the respiration remained at pH 6.0 after 50 hrs. The respiration diminished by a factor of 10 at pH 7.3–7.4 after 27 hrs. at pH 7.8–7.9 after 12 hrs, at pH 8.2–8.3 after 3 hrs, and at pH 8.6 after less than 2 hrs. The adhesiveness was almost nil at pH 6.0 and about 30% a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nervous activity of single secondary neurones was recorded from the olfactory tract of the burbot while stimulating the olfactory epithelium with various solutions. Efferent influence was eliminated by transecting the olfactory tract. About 30 per cent of the stimuli produced an increased activity in the neurones, and 20 per cent caused inhibition of the spontaneous discharge while about half of the stimulations failed to produce any change in the rate of firing. The excitatory type of response typically began with an increased discharge followed by a steady discharge at a lower frequency which was maintained throughout the stimulation. Most of the units which were inhibited gave off‐discharges. The activity of the secondary neurones adapted very slowly to continuous stimulatio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe earlier finding of an antagonistic effect of human plasma albumin on the insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake of the cut rat diaphragm in vitro has been confirmed. In the intact rat hemidiaphragmin vitro1 mU of insulin per ml caused a marked increase (40–70 per cent) of the incorporation of14C‐labelled phenylalanine into protein. Adding 5 per cent albumin caused a significant reduction of this insulin effect. Intraperitoneal injection of 1mU of insulin caused a marked increase in glycogen content and14C‐labelled glucose incorporation into glycogen in the diaphragm musclein vivo. This effect was antagonized by the simultaneous injection of 50–150 mg of “antagonistic” albumin; control injections of “non‐antagonistic” albumin had no such effect. Increasing the insulin dose 10‐fold abolished the antagonistic effect of the albumin. The result support the assumption that the “synalbumin” antagonist is a physiological ant

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a previous work from this laboratory it was reported that puromycin specifically depressed the insulin‐induced glycogen synthesis in isolated rat diaphragm. In the present work the effect of puromycin on glycogen synthesis has been studied under modified experimental conditions. When glucose as a substrate was excluded from the incubation medium, puromycin depressed the incorporation of14C‐glucose into glycogen in absence of added insulin. To study this effect of puromycin, experiments with puromycin analogues were undertaken. At a concentration of 270 μ/ml puromycin inhibited protein synthesis by more than 0 %. Equimolar concentrations of puromycin aminonucleoside and 6‐dimethylam nopurine caused only slight inhibition of protein synthesis, but depressed the incorporation of14C‐glucose into glycogen to the same degree as puromycin. The results suggest that puromycin influences the synthesis of muscle glycogen by a mechanism not related to the inhibitory efiect of puromycin on protein synthesis. The possibility that puromycin might interfere with the activity of glycogen synthetase is d

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors discuss the methods in use for the assay of secretin preparations in dogs, cats and rats. A detailed description is given of the method of Mutt and Söderberg, maintaining the cats anesthetized continuously for 4–5 days. Particular attention is paid to recent methods using rats for the secretin assay. The numerical values of the different secretin units, suggested by different authors, are discussed. The difficulties encountered in selecting a reference standard are discussed. The authors recommend frequent controls of the strength of the standard with any of the familiar techniqu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDogs were fed with an ulcerogenic agent, cinchophen, for 6 days and 14 days. The acid polysaccharides of the gastric wall were fractionated and the aminosugar content of the fractions was determined. After 6 days cinchophen feeding a significant increase in the amount of fractions containing chondroitin sulfuric acid B and in three fractions containing epithelial sulfopolysaccharides were noted, whereas the amount of the fraction containing hyaluronic acid showed an opposite tendency. The change in chondroitin sulfuric acid B content was the greatest in the middle sections of the mucosa of the antrum. At this time no ulcers had yet appeared.After 14 days feeding the content of chondroitin sulfuric acid B fell significantly in all parts of the gastric wall (duodenum, antrum and corpus). In antrum and duodenum it was noted that one of the epithelial polysaccharide fractions also fell. These changes were found over the whole area of the gastric and duodenal wall. The bearing of these observations on the changes in nutritional conditions in the gastric wall is discussed. It would appear that cinchophen feeding is followed by changes in the connective tissue polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphuric acid B and that these changes take place already prior to the ulcer formation.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRats were subjected to restraint of various lengths of time. In the experiments of longer duration ulcers developed whereas in the shorter experiments no ulcers were seen. The aminosugar content of acid polysaccharides in the gastric wall of the glandular stomach were increased slightly in the “pre‐ulcerous” groups and fell sharply to below control values in the ulcer groups. Fractionation of polysaccharides from the ulcer groups showed that the fractions believed to contain connective tissue polysaccharides (chondroitin sulfuric acid and hyaluronic acid) and one of the fractions containing epithelial mucopolysaccharides fell significantly. This effect has also been seen in other studies in dogs after cinchophen feeding. This study shows that the changes in the gastric wall polysaccharides can be affected endogenously without any pharmacological a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1966.tb03207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY