摘要:

AbstractThe summated chorda tympani response to taste stimuli was recorded in rats during repeated occlusion of the blood flow to the tongue. It was then observed that the response diminished and disappeared within a few minutes after bilateral or ipsilateral occlusion of the blood supply. Intravital staining through the lingual artery showed that each half of the tongue was chiefly supplied with blood from its ipsilateral lingual artery. A close relation between the simultaneous variation of the systemic blood pressure and the taste response was also observed and is discussed here.This study was supported by grants from Swedish Medical Research Council grant No B71–14X‐2467.04 and Svenska Maltdrycksforskningsinstitu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe olfactory receptor‐responses recorded from theenzinentia olfactoriain the frog were studied to find whether receptors with different specificities were homogeneously or non‐homogeneously distributed. Receptor potentials (EOGs) were recorded simultaneously from two different areas of theeminentia olfuctoria. 21 different substances were used; 8 of these substances belonged to a homologous serie of cycloketones. For each substance the ratio N between the two EOG‐amplitudes was measured. N‐values obtained with the recording electrodes kept at fixed positions were found to vary for different odours and for different concentrations of the same odour. By recording with one electrode at different distances from the other fixed electrode N‐values for different areas were obtained for each odour. The N‐values showed an increase for some odours and a decrease for others. These observations indicate a non‐homogeneous distribution of receptors with different specificities. For the cycloketones, at the concentrations used, only small variations were found in N‐values at all positions tested. Keeping one electrode fixed and placing the other stepwise away in a posterior or lateral direction, a successive general reduction in N‐values for all the substances was found. This suggests a general reduction in receptor density in posterior and lateral direction.I would like to thank Dr. Kjell Døving for suggesting the topic, and for his constant en couragement during the work.The cycloketones were kindly provided by International Flavor&F

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuscle tissue from the lateral vastus of the femoral muscle was taken by needle biopsy technique in 7 male subjects before and after strenuous exercise by skiing for about 7 hrs. The mean muscle triglyceride concentration decreased from 17 to 8 μmoles/g wet weight during the exercise. No change was observed in the phospholipid concentration. The mean glycogen concentration in the muscle decreased from 16 to 7 mg/g sswet weight during the exercise. The results indicate that not only muscle glycogen but also muscle triglycerides are of importance for the energy metabolism in man during exercise

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cerebral blood flow was measured in 11 monkeys after step changes in arterial blood pres sure in the pressure range 30–140 mmHg. In one group of 5 animals a bilateral excision of the superior cervical ganglia was performed about 2 weeks prior to the experiment. These animals, as well as those with an intact sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels, demonstrated an almost constant rCBF at pressures above 50–60 mmHg,2.e. both groups showed autoregulation. It is concluded that cervical sympathectomy does not abolish autoregulation of the cerebral blood f

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMechanical stimulation of the jejune mucosa of the cat induces a transient increase of total intestinal blood flow amounting to 30–140 per cent of control. The vasodilatation is at least partly localized to the intestinal villi. The observed blood flow augmentation cannot be abolished by autonomic denervation or blockade by atropine, α‐ or β‐blocking agents or by a cholinergic ganglionic blocking agent. However, the intestinal blood flow augmentation was completely abolished by tetrodotoxin, a nerve conductivity blocking agent, by lidocaine, a local anesthetic, and by 2‐bromo‐LSD, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor blocker. These results seem to suggest that the studied intestinal vasodilatation is evokedviaan intramural nervous reflex in some way dependent on the release of 5‐HT.‐The observation that bile administered into the intestinal lumen causes a prolonged intestinal vasodilatation i

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLactic acid production by isolated ovaries from prepubertal rats was used as an experimental system to characterize the initial interaction between luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) on the one hand and the ovarian tissue on the other hand. Injection of bovine LH, 30, 5 and 1 min, respectively, before extirpation of the ovaries from the rats, produced a marked increase in lactic acid production by the isolated ovaries during a following 2 hr incubation period. The effect was very pronounced already in ovaries from rats injected with LH for only 1 min before removal of the ovaries, but the effect was slightly more pronounced in the “5 rnin group”. There was, however, no significant difference between the “5 min group” and the “30 min group”. There were also persistent effects of both LH and HCG after 1–5 rnin exposure of the ovaries to the hormonein vitrofollowed by careful wash in hormone‐free medium. These effects did not become more pronounced when the hormone was also present during the entire2hr incubation period when lactic acid production was measured. The same rapid interaction between hormone and ovary was seen at both +37° C and +l ° C. Addition of an anti‐HCG serumbefore or together withHCG completely prevented the effect of the hormone. When the ovaries werefirstexposed to HCG for 1 min andthento anti‐HCG serum for 1–5 min, the anti‐serum did not abolish the hormone effect. There was no cross‐reaction between anti‐HCG serum and bovine LH. The results are discussed in relation to similar experiments with other polypeptide hormones, and in relation to various theories of the initial interaction between th

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of prolonged physical training on the noradrenaline content of the heart and the catecholaniine content of the adrenal glands was studied on rats. the trained rats showed a moderate but highly significant cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight of controls: 1.32±0.01, trained rats: 1.41 ±0.01, heart ratio (g heart weight/100 g b.w.) of controls: 0.29 ± 0.003, trained rats: 0.34 ± 0.003). There was no difference in cardiac noradrenaline concentration between trained and untrained rats (controls: 0.69±0.04 μg/g, trained rats: 0.73±0.03 μg/g). There was a highly significant increase in adrenaline content of the adrenal glands espressed as μg adrenaline/kg b.w. (Controls 93±5 μg/kg, trained rats: 122 ± 5 μg/kg). It is concluded that prolonged physical training does not lower the amounts of synipatlictic trans mitter of the heart. It is further suggested that an increased adrenaline content in the adrenal glands might be a manifestation of an adaptation to the increased demands upon the rardio vascular system in rats subjccted to prolonged physi

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs far as dopadecarboxylase (DDC) activity is concerned sympathetic ganglia can be collected into 3 groups: celiac and superior mesenteric show the highest activity, superior cervical and stellate are intermediate, lumbar and sacral ganglia show the lowest activity. Ciliary and nodose ganglia show significantly lower DDC activity than sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia show no measurable activity. There is a good correlation between DDC activities, monoamineoxidase (MAO) activities and the catecholamine contents of autonomic ganglia. Preganglionic de‐nervation did not significantly change DDC, MAO or catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) activity of L.r ganglia. It is concluded that although MIAO and DDC are not exclusively as sociated with adrenergic neurons, a high level of DDC or MAO activity in the cell body is a specific attribute of adrenergic ne

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProlonged hemorrhagic hypotension can induce an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In anesthetized cats with open chests and with positive pressure ventilation aortic blood flow, pulmonary arterial‐, left atrial‐ and femoral arterial pressures were recorded. Eight animals were bled until the mean arterial pressure was 50 nun Hg and this level was main tained for 3 hrs by further bleeding and/or small retransfusions. The animals were then retransfused. Another group of 5 animals were made thrombocytopenic by shunting their blood through a column of glassbeads. These animals were then bled in the same way and kept hypotensive for the same period of time.During hypotension PVR in the first group increased gradually and by 370 per cent (mean value). In the thrombocytopenic group PVR increased only by 125 per cent (mean value) (P<0.01). The number of thrombocytes in arterial blood in the former group of animals decreased gradually by 37 per cent during the hypotensive period. Only in 2 of the 8 animals in this group did examination with light microscopy reveal scattered thrombocyte aggregates in small pulmonary vessels.The thrombocytes thus seem to be involved in the development of increased PVR during hemorrhagic hypotension. The fact that intravascular thrombocyte aggregates were not general ly found may indicate that the thrombocytes act by other mechanisms than by simple vascular obstruction al

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGrowing rats were fed diets containing a lipoprotein concentrate prepared from niger seeds, as the sole source of protein. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and productive protein value (PPV) were calculated for two levels of protein in the diet, 11.1%and 22.4%, respectively. When the protein content of the diet was 11.1%the PER was 2.37 (for a feeding period of three weeks). The corresponding PPV was 42.0. A short term toxicological feeding study was carried out on rats fed with these diets for a 90‐day period. No significant diet‐related changes were observed in the growth, appearance, behaviour and survivals of the animals. Hematological findings were normal. The histopathological examinations of the main organs gave normal results. Electron microscopy showed an increased amount of multi‐vesicular bodies (possibly lysosomes) as well as an increased content of fat droplets in the cytoplasm of liver cells. The significance of these changes remains un

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY