摘要:

AbstractDogs injected with125I‐fibrinogen were given: 1. a thrombin infusion during 1 hr, and 2. simultaneous infusions of epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) and thrombin, respectively. Platelet number, fibrinogen concentration and radioactivity in plasma, fibrinogen and serum were determined. Special comparative studies were made between one dog given thrombin and one given EACA together with thrombin. Samples obtained before and at 2 hrs after the start of the thrombin infusions were analyzed with respect to the radioactivity distribution in the blood and in plasma after Sepharose and Sephadex flitrations. Trials were made to identify the fibrinopeptides. The immunological behaviour of serum and of eluate fractions was studied. An occurrence of fibrinolysis in the dogs already before the thrombin infusions was indicated. After the thrombin infusions there was in plasma a wide variety of fibrinogen degradation products with the antigenic determinants of fibrinogen. No products with higher molecular weight than that of fibrinogen were demonstrable. When EACA was given together with thrombin there was an inhibition of degradation products. The results give further support for a secondary fibrinolysis in intravascular coagulation. No evidence was obtained for the occurrence of fibrinopeptide

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe kinetic properties of the histamine‐forming enzyme in the cortex of the rabbit kidney were found to be identical with those of DOPA decarboxylase. There was no evidence of “specific” histidine decarboxylase in the rabbit kidney cortex. Following i.v. injection of endotoxin, reduced DOPA decarboxylase activities were demonstrated after 3 and 6 hrs; after 24 hrs low as well as conspicuously high enzyme activities were obs

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCholinesterase (ChE) and monoaniine oxidase (MAO) activities were measured in 17 surgically removed human lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Four further ganglia were obtained from accidentally killed men, autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine. ChEs were determined by automatic titration using acetylcholine, propionylcholine and butyrylcholine as substrates and specific ChE inhibitors (iso‐OMPA and 284C51). Of the total ChE activity (61.4 × 10‐‐3μmol/mg protein/min) 85%was found to be due to acetylcholinesterase (AChE, 53.6 × 10‐‐3μmol/mg protein/min) when acetylcholine was used as substrate. Propionylcholine (38.1 × 10‐‐3μmol/mg protein/min) was also mainly hydrolyzed by AChE (75%) and butyrylcholine (14.5 × 10‐‐3μmol/mg protein/min) by non‐specific cholinesterase (ns. ChE, 71 %). Histochemically, all the nerve cells showed AChE activity, most of them being moderately positive. Ns. ChE was chiefly present in the satellite cells and only a few weakly reactive nerve cells could be seen. MAO activity was measured fluorometrically with kynur‐amine as substrate (0.57 × 10‐‐3μmol/mg protein/min). Histochemically, all the nerve cells showed strong activity. Catecholamine fluorescence was weak in most of the ganglion cells. There were no significant differences in ChE or MAO activity b

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the smooth muscle taenia coli from guinea pig changes in the pattern of electrical and mechanical activity and their relationship occur in K+‐free solutions. The ability to develop tension falls parallel with changes in intracellular concentrations of K' and Na'. The changes in mechanical properties are probably not according to interference with metabolic energy supply or more direct effects on the contractile components or passive mechanial properties. An interference with the normal functions of Ca2+in the excitation‐contraction coupling is sugges

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffluents from cat paws perfused with compound 48/80 contained histamine and lipid‐soluble smooth muscle stimulating principles. Fractionation of the lipid‐soluble material on silicic acid resulted in a separation into two major components with different biological properties. One component was of polar character and elicited a slow, sustained contraction of the isolated guinea‐pig ileum. These are effects associated with “slow reacting substance” (SRS) by definition. The other component being less polar was examined by a variety of chromatographic procedures in combination with bioassay. In silicic acid chromatography with linear gradient elution and in reversed phase partition chromatography all biological activity followed the radioactivity due to added3H‐labelled prostaglandin E2(PGE2). On thin layer chromatography the smooth muscle stimulating compound cochromatographed with reference PGE2. When the spasmogenic compound isolated by silicic acid chromatography was incubated with 15‐hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase from swine lung in the presence of NAD+complete biological inactivation occurred. Determination of ester‐bound C20fatty acids in cat skin by gas chromatography revealed that arachidonate, precursor of PGE2, was the most abundant prostaglandin precursor acid. When3H‐PGE2was infused into cat paws the parent compound as well as two metabolites, 13,14‐dihydro‐PGE2and 15‐keto‐13,14‐dihydro‐PGE2, appeared in the effluent. It is concluded that PGE2constitutes part of the lipid‐soluble spasmogenic material appearing in connection with histamine release in the ca

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntravenous injection of methacholine and vagal stimulation increased the amount of juice secreted by the secretin‐stimulated pancreas of the cat. The increase was greater at low rates of secretion than at high. Methacholine and vagal stimulation as well as secretin retarded the flow of a salt solution, perfused through the gland. It is concluded that the cholinergic stimulation causes the gland to secrete but also increases the resistance to the flow in the duct, probably by luminal narrowing and by changes of the fluidity of the juic

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of exogenous heparin on triton lipemia induced in rats was studied in 2 expts. 5×25 mg of Triton WR‐1339 injected at intervals of 12 hrs caused an abrupt increase in the blood cholesterol and fat levels. They were both lowered distinctly by 50 IU of heparin injected concomitantly with triton. In the second experiment, 3×25 mg of triton provoked a smaller but significant elevation in the lipemia of rats. 3 × 250 IU of heparin nullified the hypercholesterinemia and the lipemia completely. Smaller doses of heparin caused a gradually diminishing inhibition of triton induced lipemia. The results of these two experiments and one of our earlier experiment suggest that Triton WR‐1339 inhibits the release of heparin especially from the mucosal mast cells of gastrointestinal tract. Triton does not inhibit the activation of the clearing factor with exogenous heparin. Under these circumstances, it is possible to measure the shortage of endogenous heparin by replacing it with exogenous heparin using the level of lipemia as ind

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCat paws were perfused with a physiological salt solution containing compound 48/80. In addition to histamine, a principle producing a slow sustained contraction of the isolated guinea‐pig ileum appeared in the effluent. This slow reacting substance (SRS) was purified by ethanol extraction, solvent partition, silicic acid and anion exchange chromatography. The overall recovery was 10–20 per cent, calculated from the non‐histamine smooth muscle stimulating activity of the ethanolic extract. The purification calculated from the crude lipid extract was about 200‐fold. The purified material was dialysable, thermostable at neutral pH and more labile in acid than in alkaline milieu. It behaved homogenously on thin layer chromatography in several systems. The most marked biological effects were contraction of the isolated guinea‐pig ileum and the human bronchus, increases in the bronchial resistance in guinea‐pigsin vivo, in the colouration (Evan's blue dye i.v.) of guinea‐pig skin after intradermal injection and in the blood flow in the cat hindlimb after intraarterial injection. Treatment of the purified material with N, N'‐carbo‐di‐p‐tolylimide, phenyl isocyanate, iodine monobromide, potassium permanganate or acetic anhydride abolished or greatly reduced the biological activity. Incubation of SRS with 15‐hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase in the presence of NAD+resulted in no loss of biological activity. Together the results indicate that SRS is a biologically active carboxylic acid with hydroxyl groups and one or more double bonds but probably of n

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince plasma osmolarity rises during general muscle exercise and the lung is thought to have a function as a blood depot we have investigated the effect of plasma hyperosmolarity on pulmonary vascular capacitance. Hyperosmolar solutions of sodium chloride, urea and ethylene‐glycol (listed in order of potency) were infused into the pulmonary artery of an isolated rabbit lung preparation perfused with plasma at constant volume pulsatile inflow and ventilated by positive pressure. All the test‐substances caused dose‐dependent reductions in the weight of the preparations, which was followed continuously by the use of a force transducer. The effect was not related to change in bronchomotor tone or pulmonary vascular pressures. Nor could the weight reductions be explained solely as a result of loss of water from the lungs. The capacitance vessels of the lung appear to constrict when exposed to increased plasma osmolarity, a response which is in direct contrast to the effect of this stimulus on the resistance vessels of the lung. The finding strengthen the concept of the lung as a blood

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in the portal vein of the rat was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in different environmental conditions. It was found that minute changes in the ionic environment caused considerable variations in the Na+, K+and Ca2+content, and Na/K ratio. Phosphate in the solution increased the sodium and calcium content. In sodiumfree solution all muscle sodium was rapidly lost. No bound sodium was detected. The ionic content of portal vein was also dependent on dissection and blotting technique. A standard procedure and a standard solution was therefore chosen. In this solution the following values were obtained: Na+: 88, K+: 52, Ca2+: 5.7 and Mg2+: 3.7 mmolelkg freshweight respectively.The extracellular space, determined with14C‐sorbitol was 490 ml/kg freshweight. The calculated intracellular concentrations and equilibrium potentials for Na+and K+were 62 and 157 mM and +21 and ‐86 mV respectively. The uptake of42K showed that about 20 % of the total muscle potassium did not exchange within 5 hrs. The efflux of42K+showed that for the linear exchange of muscle potassium the rate constant was 0.85–0.90/hr.K‐low solution decreased the efflux of42K+in spite of increased electrical activity. This suggests that the permeabilty to potassium is lowered. Noradrenaline had no effect on the42K efflux in normal s

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1971.tb04979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY