ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1) The presence of an ATP‐ase in water extracts from uterine and heart muscle was demonstrated.2) A method is described for determination of ATP‐ase activity of actomyosin and other extracts. It is a sensitive biological test to determine small amounts of ATP.3) The two ATP‐ases prepared from cross‐striated, heart and uterine muscle show different activity. Both ATP‐ases show the greatest activity in the case of cross‐striated muscle extracts and the lowest value in the uterine‐extract (per unit wet weight of muscle).4) The character of recombination is different in the actomyosin extracts prepared from the three muscle types.5) The ATP‐ase activity of uterine actomyosin extract increases with precipitation by dilution and by addition of Ca++ions, while with addition of M

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The circulatory adaptation to longer lasting (10 days) severe CO‐poisoning (HbCO up to 46 %) in dogs was studied.1) A slight increase in cardiac output was found (max. 15.8 %).2) An increase in hemoglobin concentration was found, partly as an acute, probably splenogenic, increase and partly as a slow increase caused by a new formation of red blood corpuscles.In spite of the presence of these adaptational reactions the venous pO2was low in the chronic CO‐poisoning (25–30 mm).The nature of the stimulus for the increased cardiac output is

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Individual variations in the excitability of the respiratory centre are considerable. Numerically expressed — by a special method — the excitability coefficients of 36 patients (convalescents after melancholia) were found to vary from 12.2 to 34.4, and from 11.6 to 41.3, in 26 normal subjects. Correspondingly, pronounced individual variations were ascertained in respect of rate and depth of respiration, of ventilation, and of CO2tension in alveolar air — in the cases of 26 normal subjects and 36 pat

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In a material composed of children, women and men, including athletically trained men and women, the amount of hemoglobin and the blood volume estimated on the basis of the amount of hemoglobin have been placed in relation to the pulse rate, to the pulse rate/standard metabolism ratio estimated by and to the heart volume, determined roentgenologically on a subject in prone position.There is a clear correlation between the amount of hemoglobin and the pulse rate during rest. The correlation is brought out still more clearly if the amount of hemoglobin is pulse rate/standard metabolism placed in relation to the ratio which may be taken as a reference standard for the stroke volume during rest.The amount of hemoglobin and, to a still somewhat higher degree, the blood volume show a very close correlation to the heart volume determined roentgenological^ on a subject in prone position. The correlation coefficient for children, women and men is about 0.90. Broadly speaking, the figures for children, women and men, the athletically trained included, fall along the same regression line.The results serve to explain in a simple way the varying values for the resting pulse rate and heart volume, found in children and adults, women and men, and the physically trained and the untrained, respectively. It seems thus that the larger heart volume in healthy, athletically trained persons could be entirely attributed to the increased blood volume in connection with physical training.The regulation of the blood distribution (in heart, lungs and systemic circulation) is discussed with due regard to the results obtained.The costs of the investigation have been partly defrayed by a grant from the Therese and Johan Andersson Memorial Fund.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In the present paper we report on an investigation in which the amount of hemoglobin determined after the method of SJÖSTRAND (1948) in a number of athletically trained men and women has been compared with that in an average group of the respective sexes.The athletically trained men and women showed considerably higher amounts of hemoglobin and blood volumes than the average material. On the whole, the best trained men deviated by 41%, and the women by 44% from the reference material.In three men and one woman the amount of hemoglobin was determined just before and immediately after a skiing tour in the mountains. The figures were 10–19 per cent higher after the training than before.In a patient who had been confined to bed for a considerable length of time (owing to fracture of the leg) the amount of hemoglobin was determined repeatedly. It showed a successive decrease, amounting at its maximum to 15 per cent of. the original figure. The amount of hemoglobin and blood volume seems accordingly to vary with the degree of physical training.The costs of the investigation have in part been defrayed by a grant from the Therese and Johan Andersson Memorial Fu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.By determination of the total amount of hemoglobin and the blood volume estimated on that basis, in a material of children, women and men, including athletes a very marked correlation, + 0.82 and + 0.90, respectively, was found between the amount of hemoglobin and the pulse rate during work—or the work at which the pulse reaches a level of about 170 beats per minute. This indicates that there is a close correlation between the total blood volume and the stroke volume during work.In 12 persons (among the adults) with different amounts of hemoglobin, the heart volume was determined during the performance of a varying amount of work on the bicycle ergometer.In one group of the tested persons the heart volume diminished only slightly up to a pulse rate of about 150 beats per minute, but afterwards more rapidly. In another group the heart volume diminished in proportion to the increase of the pulse rate.The first‐mentioned group consisted of individuals of average build, the latter of men of more leptosomatic type, with a small amount of hemoglobin in comparison to body height.When the movements of the left ventricular and of the aortic walls were recorded during the different cardiac periods with electrokymography, it was found that the systolic emptying of the left ventricle greatly increased during work, although the heart volume remained unchanged or was actually less than during rest. It was also shown with the same technique that there was a parallelism between the change in the heart volume during work and the filling of the left ventricle.There seems to be no direct correlation between the heart volume and the stroke volume in the same individual, an assumption, which might be expected if the stroke volume were regulated in accordance with Starling's heart law. These findings are discussed and a new hypothesis in regard to the regulation of the blood circulation and the blood distribution is advanced in order to explain the results found in normal

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In anesthetized cats and dogs the lymph flow from the right thoracic duct slowed down by about 30 per cent on an average, if the animal was breathing pure oxygen. This result was obtained during spontaneous as well as during constant artificial respiration after curarization. The lymph flow from the left thoracic duct reacted in the same way to oxygen, though the reduction was smaller and less regular. Simultaneous recording of the intestinal movements showed an increase during oxygen breathing. It seems probable that the effect of oxygen inhalation is due to alteration of the permeability of the capillaries or the colloid osmotic pressure, or both. With regard to the lungs a blocking effect of the dilatated precapillaries on the lymphatics seems possible.Acetyl choline was found to increase the lymph flow from the right thoracic duct in a similar way to what is known as to its effect on the left thoracic duct. In both cases the effect diminished under the influence of oxygen breathing.The finding that the lymph flow increases during oxygen want as well as during increased expiratory resistance has been confirmed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The purpose of the present paper is to describe a new technique for investigating the curarizing effect of various substances, and moreover to demonstrate some of its practical applications.In connection with a review of the previous methods in this field, some comments are offered on their theoretical and practical disadvantages.In the introduction the terms “partial and complete curarizing effect” are accurately defined.The new method is based on the phenomenon discovered by WEDENSKY, viz. the relation between the frequencies of the impulses transmitted by the motor endplate and the stage of cura‐rization.Using a stepwise increasing curarization the increasing effect of curare (Intocostrin) on the function of the neuro‐muscular junction may be followed in the myograms produced by indirect stimulation at various frequencies. This is demonstrated by an experiment.As an example of the applicability of the technique an experiment is reported, in which the relatively strong curarizing effect of chloroform is demonstrated, and in the same experiment the synergism between chloroform and curare is shown.Finally it is demonstrated that nitrous oxide in the concentrations usually employed has no curarizing effect, neither alone nor in conjunction with curare. Moreover it is shown that ether at low concentrations has a very strong effect when employed with

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Extracts of splenic nerves and spleen contain small but definite amounts of adrenaline (sympathin A) in addition to noradrenaline (sympathin N) as assayed by differential tests on cat's blood pressure and hen's rectal caecum.This finding constitutes the base for a dual adrenergic nerve transmission, as indicated by remote effects after nerve stimulation (CANNON and KOSENBLUETH).Extracts of spleen contained on an average adrenaline to 7.2 per cent of the total catechols and extracts of splenic nerves significantly less, on an average 2.2 per cent.The results are in favour of the assumption that the noradrenaline in the nerves is partly methylated, this process being more intense in the peripheral parts of the nerves.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY