摘要:

Summary.1The reaction between glucose and the usually occurring amino acids and some peptides has been studied at pH 7.4.2Only with cysteine an approach to a complete reaction was obtained.3A cysteine‐sugar compound with thiazol structure has been isolated.4The reaction between amino acids and glucose is accelerated in the presence of phosphate.The author wishes to express his gratitude to Professor K. Linderström‐Langfor extending the facilities of the Carlsberg Laboratory and for his untiring interest in the work. This has been supported by a grant from the Therese and Johan Anderssons Minne Founda

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Cattle diaphragm muscle contains di‐peptidases and aminopolypeptidases, splitting alanyl‐peptides especially. Valyl‐glycine and glyeyl‐aminobenzoic acid are not hydrolized in experiments of short durability. The digestion of alanyl‐peptides is partially inhibited by cyanide.The author wishes to express his gratitude to Professor K. Linderström‐Langfor extending the facilities of the Carlsberg Laboratory, and for his untiring interest in the work and valuable criticism of the manuscript.The work was supported by a grant from the Therese and Johan Andersson's Minn

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die Arbeit behandelt die Untersuchung der Stabilität organischer Phosphorverbindungen und von Phosphatase im Pferdeblut bei dessen Aufbewahrung in vitro bei 17° und 37° C während eines bis mehrerer Tage.1Bei 17° fallen die Phosphorverbindungen im Pferdeblut in 1—2 Tagen nur geringeren Veränderungen anheim. Allmählich tritt Hämolyse ein, und je nach dem Grade ihres Fortschreitens beginnen die organischen Phosphorsäureester in den Erythrozyten unter Abspaltung von anorganischen Phosphaten hydrolysiert zu werden.2Bei 37° ändert sich die Form des Blutkörperchens von der münzenähnlichen zur sphärischen Form, wodurch die Hämatokritwerte in 24 Stunden durchschnittlich im Verhältnis 1: 1.6 steigen. Die Permeabilität der Blutkörpermembran nimmt zu, so dass K', Na', Ca'', Cl' und PO4''' dieselbe ungehindert passieren können. Bei längerer Aufbewahrung bei 37° tritt Hämolyse ein, die in der Regel nach 3 Tagen vollständig ist.3Schon während der ersten 24 Stunden findet eine kräftige Hydrolyse der organischen Phosphorsäureester statt, und nach 3 Tagen ist diese oft vollständig.4Auch die Lecithine werden zerteilt, wobei tens die Fettsäuren, teils die Phosphorsäure frei werden.5Phosphormonoesterase kommt sowohl in den Erythrozyten als auch im Plasma vor. Das in den Erythrozyten vorhandene Enzym beeinflusst eine Glyzerinphosphorsäure enthaltende Reaktionsmischung gleich kräftig, sei es dass die Blutkörperchen bei der Analyse hämolysiert sind oder nicht. Dagegen scheinen die eigenen organischen Phosphorsäureester der Erythrozyten nicht angegriffen zu werden, bevor die Blutkörperchen gewissen Veränderungen anhei

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Myometrial tonus varies with, the sexual phase. It is low in the heat phase, high in the quiescent phase. The fall of tonus in the heat phase is elicited by the heat hormone of the ovary, oestrin.Myometrial tonus is not influenced by castration as such. It remains unchanged within that space of time following castration during which muscular atrophy has not yet appeared.It is probable that the uterine muscle possesses a certain state of normal tonus, maintained largely by unknown factors. We only know that the tonus of the uterus depends on ionic factors, on the osmotic pressure of the blood, and on the hydrogen‐ion concentration, but little is known of the mechanism through which these factors act. Under the action of oestrin the normal state of tonus falls during the heat phase. The mechanism of this oestrin action is unknow

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1Dale'S original definition of the different actions of ac. ch. stated that muscarinelike actions are those which are abolished by atropine, while the nicotinelike actions are not antagonized. Later experiments show that both kinds of actions are antagonized by atropine, even if several exceptions from this rule are described There is, however, a quantitative difference between muscarinelike and nicotinelike actions with regard to the atropine antagonism. As a rule, muscarinelike actions are inhibited by smaller concentrations, while nicotinelike actions require higher concentrations of atropine. This quantitative difference is by some authors looked upon as a criterion of a fundamental distinction between the two kinds of action. The nicotinelike actions require, however, not only larger amounts of atropine, but also large amounts of ac. ch. It seems possible that those properties of an organ which make large amounts of ac. ch. necessary also make it necessary to use large amounts of atropine before the antagonism can be demonstrated. It is shown in the present paper that there is a constant ratio between the amounts of atropine which are necessary to provoke a certain effect on various organs of frog and the amount of atropine which is necessary for diminishing this effect to a certain degree. Thus, the quantitative differences between the two kinds of action with regard to the atropine antagonism do not seem to constitute any real distinction.2Striped muscles of frog must be exposed to atropine during 50 to 60 minutes, before the atropine exerts its full antagonistic power.3Is has been shown previously that atropine antagonizes the effect of ac. ch. on striped muscles, when these are suspended in a bath, while the effect of intraarterially injected ac. ch. is not abolished. In the latter case too small amounts of atropine seem to have been used. In the present paper is shown that atropine prevents the “quick contractions” of skeletal muscles of frog or rabbit, provoked by intraarterial injections of ac. ch.4Those amounts of atropine which abolish the “quick contractions” do not have any influence on the excitability of the muscles through their nerves. If, however, the muscles are suspended in very strong concentrations of atropine they lose at first their indirect excitability and then also their direct excitability. Several reasons—inter aliathe effect of d and l‐hyoscyamine—show that this so‐called curare‐action” of atropine is not of the same nature as the ac. ch.‐antagonizing effects of atropine. Thus, while the effects of added ac. ch. is abolished, atropine exerts no action on the indirect excitability which can be explained as an antagonizing of ac. ch. It is emphasized that the theory of humoral transmission at present offers no acceptable explanatio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Labelled sodium and labelled phosphate are injected simultaneously into the lymph sack of the frog and the distribution of the radioactive sodium and the radioactive phosphate between plasma and muscle of equal weights is determined. A constant partition ratio of the radioactive sodium is obtained after the lapse of about 20 minutes. From this ratio the volume of the interspaces of the muscle can be calculated. In the case of phosphorus, the partition ratio increases even after the lapse of many days because of continued penetration of the labelled phosphate into the cells. The difference of the partition ratio of the radioactive phosphorus and the radioactive sodium permits us to calculate the amount of32P which penetrated into the muscle cells. Since all phosphorus atoms present in the plasma can be assumed to show the same behaviour as the32P atoms we can compute from the figures obtained the amount of plasma inorganic P which exchanged with cellular P during the experiment. In the course of 4 days at 22°, 0.082 mgm P was found to penetrate into the cells of 1 gm gastroenemius muscle and vice versa. At 0°,1/5of the above value was found.An alternative method which is independent of the knowledge of the size of the extracellular space is based on the determination of the comparison of the active inorganic phosphorus content of the plasma with the activeorganicphosphorus content of the muscle. When applying this method, one assumes that the organic phosphorus compounds of the muscle are renewed inside the cells. By this method, the amount of plasma P penetrated into 1 gm muscle in the course of 4 days was found to be 0.088 mg

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die periphere Blutmenge in der Leber und Nierenrinde sowie die Anzahl offener Kapillaren pro mm2Querschnitt des M.masseter wurde an Meerschweinchen nach lokaler thermischer Hautreizung in Pernoctonnarkose bestimmt. Früher veröffentlichte Bestimmungen der peripheren Blutverteilung in der Leber und Merenrinde nach Einwirkung von lokaler Hautreizung mit Senföl und Ultraviolettstrahlung wurden durch Bestimmungen der Anzahl offener Kapillaren pro mm2Masseterquerschnitt ergänzt.1Lokale Bestrahlung mit einer Wärmelampe brachte keinen nachweisbaren Effekt auf die periphere Blutverteilung in der Leber und Nierenrinde mit sich, ausser im Zusammenhang mit dem Eintreten von Hyperthermie (1—2° C), wo sich eine Steigerung der peripheren Blutmenge in der Nierenrinde mit 130 % der entsprechenden Kontrolltierwerte nachweisen liess. Ausserdem lag ein infolge von Streuung der Werte nicht sicherer Einfluss auf die Leber vor, während kein Effekt auf die peripheren Blutgefässe im M.masseter festgestellt werden konnte.2Lokale Wärmereizung mittels Kontaktwärme (ohne Steigerung der Rektaltemperature) hatte keine sichere Beeinflussung der peripheren Blutgefässe in der Leber und Nierenrinde zur Folge.3Bei lokalen Kältereizen stieg die periphere Blutmenge in der Leber mit 150 % des entsprechenden Kontrolltierwerts, während sich ein Einfluss auf die Nierenrinde nicht beobachten liess. Die Anzahl offener Kapillaren im M. masseter nahm um 29 % zu.4Lokale Kältereizung von denervierter Haut brachte keinen sicheren Einfluss auf periphere Blutgefässe in der Leber, Nierenrinde und im M.masseter mit sich, woraus gefolgert wird, dass der Effekt auf die Leber und Muskulatur bei Kältereizung der Haut durch die Hautnerven vermittelt wird.5Die Anzahl offener Kapillaren im M.masseter stieg bei:a. lokaler Hautreizung mit Senföl um 13 %, undb. lokaler Bestrahlung mit ultraviolettem Licht um 14 %.6Diese Effekte blieben aus, wenn die Hautreizung mit Senföl oder Ultraviolettstrahlung auf Haut appliziert wurde, welche ihrer segmentalen Innerva

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1940.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1940

数据来源: WILEY