摘要:

AbstractThe glucocorticoid uptakein vitroby human periferal leukocytes was studied. The uptake showed 2 main components, one saturable and one non‐saturable. The saturable component was compared with the uptake by the specific glucocorticoid receptor in rabbit granulocytes. The similarities with the rabbit receptor in structural specificity, time course of uptake at 37° C, sensitivity to metabolic inhibition by PCMS and the physiological concentration for half saturation indicate that the saturable component corresponds to a specific glucocorticoid receptor. Cells from chronic lymphatic leukemia and chronic myeloic leukemia were also studied. Only the former had a saturable glucocorticoid upta

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe gustatory activity of the chorda tympani proper nerve has been recorded before and after the application of gymnemic acid to the tongue of hamster and rat. Concentrations of pure gymnemic acid ranging from 1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml have been used. In the hamster gymnemic acid suppressed the response to solutions of sucrose especially, but it also caused, at higher concentrations, a general suppression of the taste response. The depression caused in the response to sucrose was directly related to the strength of the gymnemic acid and inversely to that of the sucrose solution. In the rat a suppression of the response to saccharin was obtained but no suppression of the taste response to sucrose by gymnemic acid was observed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe force‐velocity relation has been studied in sixteen single fibres from frog semitendinosus muscle with particular attention to the high‐force portion of the curve. The force‐velocity curve was hyperbolic except for a reversal of curvature near 80 % measured isometric tension (P0). Rectangular hyperbolas fitted (linear, least‐squares method) these data well only when values below 0.78P0were considered. Extrapolation of these hyperbolas above 0.78P0gave predicted isometric tensions (P*0) which averaged 32±6% above the measuredP0values. Hill's constants (1.84°C) for these hyperbolas were: a/P*0=0.177±0.021, b = 0.329±0.035 M.L./sec, Vmax=1.91±0.074 M.L./sec. The reversal of curvature persisted when force‐velocity data were obtained using: 1 or 60 min response intervals, afterloaded isotonic responses, grid stimulation, electrically induced contractures and bundles of fibres. The reversal of curvature diminished when force‐velocity data were obtained from slightly stretched fibres (about 2.3 μm sarcomere length as compared to 2.1 μm in the control). The results indicate that sarcomere length redistributions probably do not account for the non‐hyperbolic force‐velocity relation. An explanation for the behavior based on the geometry of the contractile filamen

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dynamic properties of the responses of single primary auditory fibers were compared with those of single cells in the cochlear nucleus. The stimuli were tones (at the unit's characteristic frequency, CF) that were amplitude‐modulated with pseudorandom noise. The dynamic properties were described by the cross‐covariance and integrated cross‐covariance functions between the recorded discharge rate and the modulation. These two measures have earlier been shown to be valid approximations of the system's impulse and step response function,i.e. the change in discharge rate in response to a short impulsive increase (or decrease) in the stimulus intensity and a step increment (or decrement) in the stimulus intensity. The cross‐covariance function computed from the responses of fibers had a narrower peak than that of cells indicating that a brief change in stimulus intensity gives rise to a faster change in the discharge rate of fibers than that of cells. The modulation of the discharge rate of cells for a certain degree of amplitude modulation of the sound is usually greater than that of fibers. The range of stimulus intensities where a change in stimulus intensity gives rise to a change in discharge rate is smaller for fibers (about 30 dB) than what was shown earlier for cells (70–80 dB). The cross‐covariance function computed from the slow wave responses recorded from the surface of the cochlear nucleus in response to an amplitude‐modulated tone has individual peaks that reflect distinct classes of units with regard to latency of un

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMast cells from the peritoneal and pleural cavities of actively sensitized rats were isolated and incubated with biogenic amines (5‐hydroxytryptamine and dopamine) with or without pretreatment with specific antigen. An anaphylactic reaction resulting in the release of 20–25% of the histamine in the cells led to a slightly reduced amine uptake. At concentrations which induced histamine release comparable to that during the anaphylactic reaction compound 48/80 had a similar effect on the uptake of the two amines. Histamine release induced by higher concentrations of compound 48/80 led to a more pronounced reduction in the uptake of the amines, the reduction being roughly proportional to the extent of the histamine release. It is concluded that the reduction in thein vitroamine uptake after anaphylactic and compound 48/80‐induced histamine release is due to the fact that there are a fewer intact granules capable of storing histamine and not primarily due to a damage to the mechanisms by which mast cells take up biogenic aminesin vitro. The observations further strengthen the view that anaphylactic and compound 48/80‐induced histamine release are non‐cytolytic

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeasurements of transcapillary exchange of high‐molecular dextrans, K+ and THO in therete mirabileof eel (Anguilla vulgaris L.) have been made under steady‐state conditions while the transcapillary pressure was varied and pharmaca added to the perfusates. Raising the transcapillary input pressure increased the exchange of dextrans and K+ but lowered that of THO. Histamine and ouabain had no effect on the transcapillary exchange of the test molecules. The highest dose (100 μg/ml) of serotonin reversibly increased the capillary permeability of D‐75 000, K+and THO while the medium dose (50 μg/ml) only raised the transcapillary exchange of K+and THO. The lowest dose (10 μg/ml) had no permeability effect. Our main conclusion is that serotonin reversibly increases the area of the intercellular pores by affecting the capillary wall

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo study central influences on the renal release of renin, angiotensin II was infused into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious hydrated goats. CSF sodium concentration was increased or lowered by similar infusions of hypertonic NaCl or of isotonic fructose solution. Infusion of anglotensin II in doses from 0.5 to 1 μgcaused a drop in plasma renin activity (PRA) and elicited a rise in blood pressure, antidiuresis, natriuresis, and thirst. Intraventricular infusion of hypertonic NaCl also suppressed PRA, induced anti‐diuresis, natriuresis, and an inconsistent rise in blood pressure. Lowering of CSF [Na+] by infusion of isotonic fructose caused a rise in PRA and was followed by a water diuresis in the non‐hydrated animal. The fructose infusions caused some decrease in renal K+excretion but no consistent change in renal Na+excretion. The results indicate that angiotensin II and changes in sodium balance modulate renal renin release alsoviathe central nervous sy

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGastrin was released by electrical vagal stimulation in anesthetized cats. Antral mucosa, blood and gastric juice samples collected during vagal stimulation were subjected to gel filtration in order to characterize the different molecular forms of gastrin. In antral mucosa component III (gastrin‐17) predominated. Besides, the antrum contained 5 per cent component II (gastrin‐34, “big” gasirin), I per cent component I and trace amounts of component IV (gastrin‐14 or “mini” gastrin). Immediately after vagal stimulation, component III (gastrin‐17) appeared in the gastric venous effluent followed within a few minutes by component IV (gastrin‐14). Component I and II (gastrin‐34) were not detectable in any of the plasma samples. We suggest that component III (gastrin‐17) is released from the antral mucosa and is then rapidly metabolized to component IV (gastrin‐14) possibly to a significant extent in the fundic region of the stomach. Large amounts of component III (gastrin‐17) were found in the vagally‐induced gastric juice. Only very small amounts of degradation products were present, indicating that cat gastrin is relatively resistant to peptic degr

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood flow in cutaneous tissue measured by the local133Xenon washout technique decreased about 35 per cent during venous stasis of 40 mmHg in three normal subjects. The response was unaffected by block of the nerve three cm proximally to the labelled area. When the tissue was infiltrated with lidocaine or with phentolamine, blood flow remained constant, indicating that the decrease in blood flow is due to an arteriolar vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure. Local venous stasis elicited a vasoconstrictor response in an adjoining area not affected by the stasis. The response was blocked by lidocaine applied to the side of stasis. In 2 chronically sympathectomized patients, the vasoconstrictor response was abolished in the denervated limbs hut present on the non‐operated side (1 patient with unilateral sympathectomy). The results indicate that the vasoconstrictor response to an increase in venous transmural pressure is due to a local nervous mechanism involving sympathetic adrenergic fibres, most likely a sympathetic axon refle

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of an 8 weeks period of systematic progressive strength training on the EMG activity of the leg extensor muscles (vastus lateralis and rectus fernoris) were investigated in 8 healthy male subjects (22–31 yrs). After training there were indications (n.s.) of a decline in integrated EMG (IEMG) during maximal isometric knee extension as well as in the IEMG vs isometric force relationship. The averaged motor unit potential (AMUP) did not demonstrate any significant changes due to the strength training regimen. In conformity with earlier findings no or only minor alterations were observed in anthropometrics, muscle enzyme activities and fibre composition. The fibre area ratio indicated a specific effect of the training stimuli on the fast twitch muscle fibres. Thus, EMG‐analyses, as employed in the present study, did not provide any conclusive additional explanation as to the mechanisms behind the well established gains in niuscle strength performance induced by the applied strength training prog

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1976.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY