摘要:

Summary.Red corpuscles were labelled by adding42KC1 to a blood sample kept at 37oC for 2 hrs. When reinjecting the blood sample to the patient in the course of 1 hr, within the error of the blood volume determination which is 3 %, no change in the activity of the red corpuscles could be observed.Washed labelled red corpuscles injected into the circulation lost in the average 3.5 % of their42K content in the course of the first hr., while the mean loss per hour in the course of 24 hours was found to be 2.1 %.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Earlier observations of an endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in man have been analysed with reference to the possibility that the carbon monoxide is formed in the blood by the breakdown of haemoglobin. The following results were obtained. The COHb concentration of blood calculated from determinations of the CO pressure in alveolar air, agrees with the COHb concentration determined directly from blood. The partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the alveolar air is, however, considerably greater than that of ordinary atmospheric air, which means that carbon monoxide is constantly exhaled during respiration.If blood is incubated at 38oC for 20–24 hours, an increase of 40–165 % can be shown in the COHb concentration, this increase being particularly pronounced after haemolysis. This apparent formation of carbon monoxide in blood is considerably increased at acid or alkaline pH's or by addition of sodium azide.If the blood is shaken with carbon monoxide before incubation at 38oC, the carboxyhaemoglobin concentration after 20 hours is decreased. If sodium azide is added to samples containing 5–30 % COHb. before incubation, the concentration is however increased, and at higher COHb‐concentrations there is a decrease, less than that observed without azide.The formation of carbon monoxide was found to parallel the spontaneous formation of methaemoglobin on alteration of the pH or addition of sodium azide.Addition of ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide greatly increases the CO formation. The amount of CO produced corresponds to a conversion of up to 15 per cent of the haemoglobin to COHb, calculated from the original haemoglobin concentrations.The formation of CO seems to be parallel to the breakdown of haemoglobin to choleglobin (verdoglobin). This observation can be explained by the assumption that the opening of the tetra‐pyrrole ring occurs with the liberation of the a‐C‐atom after oxidation to CO.It was possible to demonstrate in one subject that the amounts of CO produced and haemoglobin decomposed bear a quantitative relation of approximately 1 molecule CO: 1

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of the infusion of small doses of adrenaline in man with intact circulation has been studied. The analyses have been made with electrokymography, phonocardiography and electrocardiography.It has been found that adrenaline (1) shortens the isometric contraction phase, (2) accelerates the speed of contraction, (3) increases the systolic emptying of the left ventricle, (4) increases the amplitude of the first and second heart sounds, (5) lowers the diastolic pressure, (6) increases the amplitude of the pulse pressure and (7) usually increases the heart rate. In addition, adrenaline causes an alteration of the T wave of the E.C.G. with a division into two components. One of these components corresponds to the T wave at rest, when correlated to mechanical systole; the other appears to be a positive after‐potential.The effect on the contraction of the left ventricle was produced with the same concentrations in the blood as those that cause a decrease in the resistance in the systemic circulation and affect the metabolism of glucose. With larger doses, causing a more marked elevation in blood pressure, toxic symptoms, such as extrasystoles and auricular fibrillation, were noted. In addition to glycogenolysis and the formation of lactic acid the physiological effects of adrenaline thus appear to consist mainly of adaptation to an increased circulatory response.The increase in the stroke volume of the left ventricle is not associated with any increase in the volume of the heart during diastole. This implies a more complete emptying of the ventricle,i. e.a decrease in its residual blood volume.The results are discussed with reference to the significance of the distribution of the blood when the effects of adrenaline or other factors acting on the circulation are examine

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A study has been made of the contraction of the left ventricle under the influence of various agents acting on the autonomic nervous system. The analyses were made with the help of electro‐kymography, electrocardiography and phonocardiography.Blocking of the vagus with methyl scopolamine nitrate was found to have the following effects: (1) an increase in the heart rate, (2) a decrease in the duration of systolic contraction, (3) an increase in the amplitude of the first and second heart sounds, (4) a rise in the arterial blood pressure and (5) a tendency to an increase in the degree of contraction of the left ventricle. The effect differs from that of adrenaline, administered intravenously, in that the heart rate and the blood pressure are affected considerably more than the contraction of the heart.The action of adrenaline, administered intravenously was intensified by blocking of the vagus.Blocking of the sympathetic nerves with dihydroergotamine was found to have the reverse effect to that of blocking of the vagus. The action of the former seemed to be intensified by the simultaneous intravenous injection of acetylcholine. Doses of dihydroergotamine of 1 to 1.5 mg were found to have only a slight inhibitory effect on the action of adrenaline, administered intravenously.The results are discussed with reference to the regulation of the circulation of the blood and of its distribution under normal circulatory cnoditions. The authors conclude that the autonomic influence on the contraction of the heart must play an essential role in the regulation of the circulatio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The rate of viscosity drop in a mixture of actomyosin and ATP has been studied by means of an electronic recording vis‐cosimeter. The rate is the same in phosphate as in veronal‐acetate buffer; is almost constant in the pH interval 6.5–7.8 and is not markedly influenced by substitution of nitrate ions for up to about 50 per cent of the chloride ions of the solution. The rate is proportional to the ATP‐concentration in the interval 0.5–2 10‐4M. In a solution of washed actomyosin the rate is much slower than with unwashed actomyosin and is increased by magnesium ions up to 0.03 M. When acting in the absence of magnesium, calcium inhibits in low and augments in higher concentrations. In the presence of magnesium, calcium only inhibits in higher co

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Untreated actomyosin contained on an average 80 /(g phosphorus per g actomyosin threads (2.2 mg/g dry weight). A minor part of the phosphorus (10 per cent) can be extracted by denatu‐ration of the actomyosin with perchloric acid. This phosphorus is found as orthophosphate, easily hydrolysable phosphate and difficultly hydrolysable phosphate. Moreover, figures are given for the purine and ribose content of the protein.2. Evidence is given that the uptake of phosphorus, purine and ribose by actomyosin from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requires the presence of iron. With increasing iron concentration increasing amounts of phosphorus aha nucleotide were taken up by the actomyosin, the molar ratio always exceeding 10:1.3. The influence of temperature and reaction time on these processes were studied.4. The protein‐bound purine occurred partly as adenine and partly as hypoxanthine, while the nucleotide present in the supernatant was completely deaminated.5. Inorganic pyrophosphate and triphosphate, even in the presence of orthophosphate and Fe+++, did not cause an appreciable uptake of phosphorus by the protein. Adenosine diphosphate, inosine triphosphate and inosine diphosphate behaved similarly to adenosine triphosphate,i. e.a phosphorus and nucleotide uptake occurred only in the presence of iron. Adenylic acid is not bound in the presence of iron.6. No correlation was found between these chemical changes and either the volume constriction or the ATP‐ase activity of actom

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY