摘要:

AbstractIn a series of single‐injection experiments on continuously weighed isolated cats' hind legs, the extractions of glucose and raffinose in pair were calculated. The extraction was calculated by using albumin tagged with Evans' blue as a reference. The reference was found to exchange with the tissue, and after a correction for this loss from the bolus, the extraction ratio raffinose over glucose ranged between 0.681–0.764. This was slightly above the ratio of the free diffusion coefficients (D38raffinose/D38glucose = 0.645) and much above the ratio of the corresponding restricted diffusion coefficients (0.42–0.44 assuming an average pore radius of

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn atomic absorption spectrophotometry method for the determination of zinc concentrations in biological tissue samples has been refined. All samples are ashed for 16 hours at 550° C and each determination on a mineralized tissue sample is corrected for the absorption due to the high calcium concentration by subtracting a further absorption measurement at a second wavelength. The method is without detectable systematic error, except for 15–20 % losses of zinc from serum samples, and the random error is less than 2%.The method was compared with neutron activation analysis on duplicate tissue ash samples and the agreement of the determinations was very good. The method was used to determine the zinc concentrations in samples of serum, heart and selected viscera, teeth and bones from albino rats at various ages during growth. Of these, only the zinc concentration in heart is stable. In pancreas and incisor crowns the concentrations are correlated to the serum concentration and those in the bone samples are correlated to the total mineral (ash) content in each. The ash weight zinc concentrations in bones, the fresh weight concentrations normalized to the total mineral content, are correlated to the serum zinc concentratio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fresh weight zinc concentration in spleen is unchanged, the concentrations in serum, kidney, pancreas, liver and heart are reduced moderately and those in incisors and four bone samples are reduced markedly in rats fed a zinc‐deficient diet (7.2figZn/g) for six weeks compared to those in rats pair‐fed the same diet and given a 200figzinc supplement daily. The ash weight zinc concentrations in mineralized tissue samples from both groups decrease rapidly and, after three weeks on the diet, assume relatively stable levels. The retention of85Zn in the serum, heart and viscera is higher in rats not given the supplement. The pattern is consistent with decreased turnover of zinc due to reduced intake and excretion. The65Zn retention data from the bones and teeth were analyzed using the Bauer, Carlsson, Lindquist equation. Reduced zinc intake causes a decrease in bones of the rate at which zinc is “accreted”, most likely as a result of decreased accretion of bone as well as decreased availability of zinc. The slowly exchanging zinc in incisors and cortical bone is markedly reduced while the rapidly exchanging zinc in bones is less a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intragastric pressure and the perivesical and intravesical urinary bladder pressures were measured in the supine and sitting positions immediately after micturition in 9 healthy men. The intragastric pressure was measured with an air‐filled rubber balloon, the perivesical pressure with an open liquid‐filled catheter inserted above the pubic bone into the space of Rezius and the intravesical pressure of the almost empty bladder with a catheter inserted supra‐pubically. There was no difference between the intragastric pressure level and the peri‐ and intravesical pressure levels in the supine position, but in the sitting position the peri‐ and intravesical pressure levels were higher than the intragastric pressure levels due to the pressure effect of the viscera. There was no difference between perivesical and intravesical pressure levels in either the supine or sitting position. Rapid pressure change produced by straining or coughing produced a smaller pressure increase peri‐ and intravesically than intragastrically due to delayed pressure equilibration because of inhomogeneity of the abdomin

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to determine the reliability of various methods of recording intraabdominal pressure, seven healthy women were investigated in connection with routine laparoscopy. Intraabdominal pressure was measured through a trochar in the gas‐filled abdomen. Intragastric pressure was measured with an air‐filled balloon, perivesical pressure through a catheter in the space of Retzius and intravesical pressure through a Foley catheter introduced via the urethra. With the urinary bladder empty, intraabdominal, perivesical and intravesical pressures did not differ. The intragastric pressure was somewhat higher than the other three pressures, possibly due to hydrostatic pressure effects from the viscera. In conclusion, if the bladder is empty, perivesical as well as intravesical pressure registration appears to be a useful method of fairly closely following the intraabdominal pressure in the supine position without perforating the periton

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntragastric, perivesical and intravesical pressures were registered during slow filling of the urinary bladder in nine healthy men in the supine and sitting positions. Intragastric pressure was fairly constant in both positions, but intravesical pressure rose and there was also a slight rise of perivesical pressure. In both body positions transmural pressure,i.e.the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the tbladder, rose during bladder filling. In both body positions at bladder volumes ^ 300 ml, in this material, transmural pressure, determined as the difference between intravesical and perivesical pressures, did not differ statistically significantly from transmural pressure calculated as the difference of intravesical and intragastric pressures minus a hydrostatic component. At maximal bladder volumes transmural pressure determined in the first way was statistically significantly lower than that calculated in the second way. In the supine position the transmural pressure at bladder volume 300 ml, calculated as the difference of intravesical and perivesical pressures, was lower than in the upright position.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransmural bladder pressure,i.e.the difference between the intravesical and perivesical pressures, was continuously registered during slow filling of the bladder in nine healthy men. On the basis of the pressure thus obtained, the surface tension of the bladder was calculated. From the latter and from the assumed thickness of the bladder wall, the normal stress in the wall and a differential modulus of elasticity were calculated. The surface tension, the normal stress and the differential modulus of elasticity increased markedly as the radius of the bladder increased. The logarithm of the maximal differential modulus of elasticity registered was linearly correlated to the bladder radius. This relationship makes it possible to predict in normal subjects the differential modulus of elasticity from the bladder radius and thereby obtain information regarding possible abnormalities in the mechanical properties of the bladder wall.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the presence of indomethacin serosal application of PGEi and PGE2 caused significant inhibition of net isosmotic fluid transport by the gall‐bladder with maximum effect (50%inhibition) at 0.5ftgPGE/ml. Mucosal application was much less effective. PGF2a was about 100 times less potent than PGE. In the absence of indomethacin the sensitivity to low concentrations of PGEi was about 10 times less than in the presence of this drug (p<0.001). Maximum effective doses of PGEi depressed the unidirectional Na+‐efflux about 35%and the Na+‐influx about 20%.Transepithelial potential difference and ohmic resistance remained unchanged. It is concluded that PGE inhibits isosmotic fluid transport by an effect mainly on the active component of the transfer process. In the absence of indomethacin endogenous PGE2 (but not PGEi) was released to both serosal and mucosal medium. Net release to mucosal medium was 35–600 pg.h‐1.mg dry weight‐1; release was higher to the serosal medium. Mucosal concentrations of 0.2–4.5 ng PGEa/ml were independent of the serosal concentration, which did not exceed 0.8 ng/ml under the present conditions. The data suggest that mucosal PGEs‐release originates, in part at least, from the epithelial cells. Indomethacin (10 μg/ml) blocked almost completely thein vitro

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe rabbit gall‐bladderin vitropreparation was used for studying the effect of angiotensin‐11 on isosmotic fluid transport. Angiotensin inhibited net fluid transfer at serosal concentrations between 10‐9‐10‐8M. Maximum inhibition (about 25 %) was obtained at a concentration of 5 times 10˜* M. No significant effect was demonstrable at concentrations of 10‐10M or lower, and the effect disappeared at higher concentrations (10 and 20 × 10‐9M). The inhibitory effect was due to a depression of the unidirectional Na+‐efflux (from mucosal to serosal side); Na+‐influx (from serosal to mucosal side) was unaffected. Maximum effective doses of angiotensin had no effect on transepi‐thelial potential difference (PD), while ohmic resistance (R) increased slightly (about 10 %). The inhibitory effect of angiotensin was significantly reduced by incubating gall‐bladders with indomethacin (10 μg/ml) which effectively blocks prostaglandin biosynthesis. Addition of indo‐methacin alone had no effect on either net fluid transfer rate, PD, or R. It is concluded that angiotensin inhibits isosmotic fluid transport in the gall‐bladder by an effect on the active component of the transfer process; and the data suggest that the effect is indirect and mediated, in part at least, by release of endogenous prostaglandins. Alternatively indomethacin might interfere w

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolydisperse14C‐inulin was absorbed from the stomach of the cat when 15 mM acetylsalicylic acid, mainly in the unionized form, in isotonic NaCl solution, was also present in the lumen. The absorbed inulin was rapidly excreted and accumulated in the urine in sufficient quantities for molecular weight distribution analysis. The latter showed that about 95 percent of the urinary inulin had a molecular weight greater than 2000 and that only moderate molecular sieving of the instilled inulin (weight average molecular weight 5200) occurred. This means very probably that larger molecular species than tested here could be absorbed from the stomach. The instillation of14C‐inulin in acetylsalicylic acid‐free isotonic NaCl, however, also resulted in a smaller but significant inulin absorption. The latter was further considerably reduced if the inulin was not added together with the isotonic saline, but later (20 min) in a small liquid volume. This suggests that mere distension of the stomach causes a temporary increase of the permeability which, however, is much smaller than that after acetylsalicylic acid. It may be relevant that acetylsalicylic acid was found here to increase gastric absorption of saccharide molecules of a size earlier reported to be sufficiently large to evoke immune reac

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY