ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.1. Die nach der Höhe des Blutdruckausschlages im Blutdrucktest bestimmte minimale Wirkungsdosis blieb sich bei intakten Puffernerven in 3 Fällen von 16 nach Durchschneidung der Puffernerven gleich. In diesen 3 Fällen war die minimale Wirkungsdosis durch den Puffermechanismus nicht maskiert. Bei den übrigen 13 Fällen wurde die minimale Wirkungsdosis durch den Puffermechanismus maskiert. Da bei diesen Versuchen die Vagi vor Beginn der Versuche durchgeschnitten waren, rühren diese Befunde von der vaskularen Gegenregulation her.2. Die isolierte Vagotomie, bei der die Depressoren und die Sinusnerven intakt geblieben waren, übte keinerlei Einfluss auf die minimale Wirkungsdosis noch die Höhe des Blutdruckausschlages in einem anderen Dosierungsbereich aus. Wenn die Vagi zusammen mit den Depressoren durchgeschnitten wurden, die Sinusnerven aber intakt blieben, konnte man in 5 von 8 Fällen keine Vergrösserung der Blutdruckausschläge konstatieren. Bei den übrigen 3 Fällen vergrösserten sich die Blutdrucksauschläge entsprechend der Dosisgrösse, mit Ausnahme der kleinen Dosierun‐gen – bis 0.6 γ/kg, deren Blutdruckeffekte ihre frühere Höhe beibehielten.3. Die manifesten Blutdruckeffekte des Adrenalins werden betreffs ihrer Höhe von den vasodepressorischen Reflexen herabgedrückt. Bei 8 von insgesammt 12 Fällen entsprach die Vergrosserung der Blutdruckeffekte der Relation der sich auf die Höhe des Blutdruckanstieges beziehenden Effektivität der vasodepressorischen Eeflexe. Bei den rest lichen 4 Fällen gab es keine Vergrösserung der Blutdruckeffekte kleiner Dosen, doch konnte diese anlässlich grösserer Dosierungen beobachtet werden. Hier trat diese bei 8 Fällen vorhandene Relation nicht in Erscheinung. Es kann angenommen werden, dass diese Verschiedenheit davon herrührt, dass der Ausgangsblutdruck dieser Tiere unter den Versuchsbedingungen niedriger als normal war, denn em diesen 4 Fällen entsprechendes Verhalten konnte man beim gleichen Versuchstier mit niedrigerem Ausgangsblutdruck vorführen, wogegen man bei höherem Ausgangsblutdruck ein den 8 Fällen entsprechendes Verhalten konstatieren konnte.4. Die vasodepressorische Reflexfolge begann von einer gewis‐sen grösseren Dosis an schwächer zu werden um zuletzt zu verschwinden. In grossen Dosen greift das Adrenalin zerstörend in die Verrichtung der Pufferreflexmechanismen ein und es wird eine Frage der Dosierung sein, in welc

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The investigation is based on a material of 75 thyroid glands of man which have been obtained in routine autopsies.1On the basis of this material the general occurrence of the citric acid in the human thyroid gland was established and the concentration thereof quantitatively determined. The mean value of the citric acid concentration was found to be 890 p. p. m. In the determination of this value the undeveloped and rather Ciscarce glands of subjects less than one year old have been excluded. The standard deviation is 420 p. p. m. Compared to the blood and most tissues the citric acid concentration of the human thyroid gland is remarkably high, amounting almost to 1 mg. per gram of glandular tissue.2If the gland‐material investigated is classified after the colloid content the citric acid has been found to increase greatly with the increase in the colloid content. The greater part of the citric acid is to be found in the colloid. In comparison with the colloid the concentration of citric acid in the follicular epithelium is low but otherwise no certain conclusions could be drawn. Some observations, however, suggest that the citric acid concentration in the epithelial cells may be considerably higher than in the blood.3The citric acid concentration in the thyroid gland increases greatly at first, and then more slowly up to the age of 25–30 years. After that period there is pronounced decrease, moderate and uncertain at first but gradually pronounced. With increasing age the citric acid increases again. This variation in the citric acid concentration agrees remarkably well with the structural changes of the age in question.4No variations in the citric acid concentration of the thyroid gland were shown to be primarily caused by disease. A secondary influence, however, has been observed owing to a change of the colloid content of the gland.5During the fertile ages of 15–45 years the citric acid concentration has been found identical in the two sexes. A sexual difference becomes evident, the female glands showing a considerably lower value during the subsequent 20‐year period. The probability that this difference is not accidental, has been calculated to 98.5 per cent. No corresponding difference in the structure of the thyroid gland during this period has been observed previously, and none has been evidenced in our material. No iodine determinations were carried out, but statistical calculation on the basis of data given in previous reports in the literature show no sexual differences in the age co

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Samples of gastrin were assayed on cats in urethane‐chloralose anaesthesia in accordance with the technique of previous authors, KomarovAND Uvnäs.The secretory unit, S. U.,i. e.the amount of gastrin producing 1 ml 1/10 n hydrochloric acid during one hour, was determined by injecting two different doses of the gastrin preparation, proportionality in the secretory response being demanded. Such proportionality appeared only within a narrow range, within which the first dose could not be more than doubled in a subsequent injection. In 60 per cent out of 110 cats good proportionality was obtained. In only 7 of the cats no explanation could be found why the secretory response failed. Some of the cats were in bad health and died early during the experiment. In most of the resistant cases, however, the lack of proportionality was due to exhaustion of the secretory mechanism following a previous large dose of gastrin.A standard gastrin was used as reference substance. An amount of this, known to give 4–6 ml 1/10 n HC1 in one hour, was given in the first injection. In order to facilitate the evaluation of the response following the subsequent hourly injections of the unknown sample, and to control the secretory capacity of the animal during the experiment, the standard gastrin was given again in the sixth (or seventh) injection.After a secretion larger than 10–12 ml during one hour an exhaustion of the secretory capacity was consistently seen during the next hours.The variations in the individual response of different cats to one and the same dose of gastrin were demons

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The method is based on the solubility in mercury of the amalgams of the cations formed by electrolysis. The amalgams are extracted by rocking movements (Widmark) AND titrated.The extraction velocity for some cations is determined.Sodium (100 per cent) and potassium (98–99 per cent) are recovered after one hours rocking. After the same time 90 per cent of calcium are extracted, some of the calcium amalgam being precipitated on the glass wall.Ammonium and guanidine are also extracted, but only slowly, magnesium and ferric ion can not be extracted.Direct determinations can be made on serum and erythrocytes, it is important that the proteins are precipitated during the electrolysis. There is good agreement with the values found after ashing of serum; direct determination on the erythrocytes give a somewhat higher value than after ashing.The analyses are carried out with 0.05 ml. serum.The applicability of the method is discusse

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary..On injection into rat duodenum of emulsions of paraffinum liquidum tenue, prepareda. m.FRAZEE, AND with an average globular diameter of 0.3–0.5 μ, no absorption was found over a period of 6 hours.It has thus been impossible to confirm this important support of the “Partition Hypothe

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00422.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The concentration of blood lactic acid was studied in subjects working on a bicycle ergometer and breathing nitrogen‐oxygen mixtures with a varying percentage of oxygen, with special reference to the conditions when the work had been continued long enough to ensure the reaching of a steady state of blood lactic acid. The rise from the rest value to the steady state value was found to have a certain inverse proportional relation to the partial pressure of oxygen of the inspired gas mixture. The causes of this fact, and of the effect of acclimatisation on blood lactic acid levels during work as investigated by Edwards, are discusse

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00423.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The accessory growth substances present in barley malt extracts were purified by means of fermentation with bakers yeast, alkaline precipitation with ethyl alcohol and precipitation in glacial acetic acid with ethyl alcohol. A dry powder containing most of the activity could be prepared. The active substances in the fermented solutions are considerably more stable than previously assumed.2Using such sugar‐free preparations it was possible to show the ability of the tissue cells to utilize glucose, fructose and man‐nose for growth purposes. Without the addition of the malt extracts the sugars were inactive.This work was aided by a grant from“Teknisk‐kemisk Fond”.The barley malt was placed at our disposal by theCarlsberg Breweriesand A/S“Ferrosan”,Copenhagen, has aided us in the preparation of c

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1947.tb00424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1947

数据来源: WILEY