摘要:

Summary.Hyperventilation due to extra dead space did not cause any significant improvement in ventilatory efficiency as measured in nitrogen wash‐out experiments during oxygen breathing. In the experiments with extra dead space a significant increase in degree of uniformity of ventilation could be demonstrated. The subject's dead space increased, and the over‐all efficiency remained constant. The efficiency‐improving effect of a better distribution and the efficiency‐deteriorating effect of a larger dead space probably cancelled out. The better distribution is most probably explained by the effect of mixing of gas from different lung fractions in the large dead space. The experiments were performed with a nitroge

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A method is described for measuring blood pressure in mice during light ether anaesthesia. The method involved compression of the arteria plantaris pedis with air in a glass chamber under strong illumination. During release of pressure, the pressure was arrested when blood just refilled the artery. Values at this point varied between 60‐120 mm Hg in normal mic

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Prostaglandin extracted from human seminal fluid and from prostate gland of sheep have been compared chemically and biologically.2. It has not been possible to distinguish the two substances by paper chromatography, thermostability or biological tests, including rabbit jejunum, rat jejunum, guinea‐pig ileum, guinea‐pig uterus, rabbit blood pressure and cat blood pressure.This investigation has been supported by grants from the Therese and Johan Anderssons Minne, the Lars Hiertas Minne and Karolinska Institutet Stockh

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An investigation has been made of the “bound” glutamic acid present in an enzymatic casein hydrolysate, aminosol, and which is determined as the difference between the values obtained micro‐biologically before and after hydrolysis of the preparation with hydrochloric acid. Part of this “bound” glutamic acid is found to consist of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid.Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid is isolated and analyzed in different casein hydrolysates, in which it is probably formed from glutamine.The pyrrolidone carboxylic acid content of the enzymatic casein hydrolysates investigated (aminosol) lies between 4.0 and 7.7 per cent.The quantity of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in the enzymatic casein hydrolysates rises continuously during the 34‐day digestion period, and is probably formed from the glutamine freed during enzymatic digestion.In addition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, “bound” glutamic acid is also present in other forms in the enzymatic case

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An account is given of the human photopic flicker electroretinogram (ERG) with increasing flicker frequency, and its different phases are analyzed. With rising frequency, the amplitude initially diminishes owing to interference between the negativea‐wave and the 2nd positive off‐effect making the ERG practically diphasic. With a further increase in flicker frequency, a considerably greater amplitude of response is recorded, owing to superimposition of the off‐effect on theb‐wave. This is followed by a linear decrease in amplitude until fusion occurs. Slightly before fusion, the flicker ERG consists of ana‐wave and the 1st off‐effect.The flicker fusion frequency is directly proportional to the logarithm of light intensity (Ferry‐Porter law) up to 90‐95 flashes/sec. With an increase in light intensity above 2,500 lux, the flicker fusion frequency once more diminishes.The different phases in the flicker ERG are discussed. It is suggested that the splitting of theb‐wave and the off‐effect can be explained by the presence of colour components with differ

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1  On stimulation with strong flicker of equal light and dark intervals and 1 stimulus/sec., it has been found possible in man to obtain an electroretinogram (ERG) with two negative and four positive waves.2  In normal eyes, adaptation to red light leads to temporary disappearance of the 3rd positive wave, whereas pre‐adaptation to green light enhances the 4th positive wave.3  The third, red‐sensitive component was lacking in two pro‐tanopes. This component was present in the third protanope, but was not influenced by adaptation to red light.4  A deuteranope exhibited the ordinary ERG but, whereas adaptation to red light enhanced the third positive component in the usual way, the ERG was uninfluenced by adaptation to green light. One patient with deuteranomalopia had an ERG similar to that of normal eyes.5  In two totally colour‐blind patients, a photopic ERG was entirely lacking.6  The red‐sensitive component is in agreement with experiences of the photopic ERG published earlier. The 4th positive wave is presumably a photopic function, although a specific green‐sensitive component cannot be ruled out. Some properties of the two negative wave

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Ten resting subjects (5 nonsmokers and 5 smokers) were exposed to 0.010, 0.023, 0.040 and 0.080 vol. per cent CO. The work studies were made on 5 nonsmokers. They breathed 0.023 and 0.040 vol. per cent CO at rest and during work (bicycle ergometer) corresponding to 300, 600 and 900 kgm per minute.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Gastric motor responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline have been recorded manometrically in repeated experiments on dogs. During anaesthesia augmentory responses to these substances were regularly observed.During treatment with a parasympathicolytic substance (Hö 9980) the responses to adrenaline and noradrenaline were considerably bigger than during the control period.A similar increase in responsiveness was observed after vagotomy; but the increase was less pronounced after this operation than during treatment with Hö 9980.The investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Faculty in Lund.Technical assistance was given by Miss AstaHecto

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A large number of serial experiments on dogs have shown that the inhibitory effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on gastric motility observed in conscious dogs is reversed to an augmentory one by different procedures which interfere with the normal vagal influence such as anaesthesia, vagotomy and treatment with atropine‐like substances.Acute experiments have shown that the augmentory responses obtained during anaesthesia are reversed to inhibitory ones when gastric motor activity is elicited by stimulation of the vagus in the neck. On the other hand, if gastric motor activity is induced by carbachol, the augmentory responses are not regularly reversed.The investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Faculty in Lund.Technical assistance was given by Miss AstaHecto

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01421.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY