摘要:

AbstractHistamine release was induced from sensitized guinea‐pig lung tissue by antigen, and from non‐sensitized rat lung tissue by compound 48/80. Phlorizin (10‐3M) had no apparent inhibitory effect on the histamine‐releasing reactions when elicited under nitrogen in the presence of 5.6 × 10‐3M glucose. When the glucose concentration was decreased to 7 × 10‐4M, phlorizin (10‐3M) inhibited histamine release under nitrogen in both reactions, to the same extent as did nitrogenation in the absence of glucose. Under nitrogen, the enhancing effect of glucose was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of phlorizin. In both reactions, its inhibitory effect decreased with rising glucose concentration. The results are interpreted to indicate that phlorizin inhibits histamine release mainly by inhibiting the trans

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHistamine release elicited under nitrogen anoxia by antigen from sensitized guinea‐pig lung tissue, and by compound 48/80 from non‐sensitized rat lung tissue, was enhanced by the presence of glucose but not by that of sodium succinate. In the presence of oxygen, sodium succinate as well as glucose enhanced antigen‐induced histamine release from guinea‐pig lung tissue. In contrast, histamine release from rat lung tissue induced by antigen, as well as by compound 48/80, was not enhanced by sodium succinate in the presence of oxygen, whereas glucose was effective in both reactions. Possible reasons for this species difference are discussed in the light of the supposition that the histamine‐releasing reactions investigated depend on adequate utilization of energy‐yielding substrates and of high‐ene

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental procedure has been elaborated to facilitate selective effects exerted by agents applied within the cerebral vessels on EEG and blood‐brain barrier phenomena. In rabbits short‐term (less than 1 minute) perfusion of one hemisphere is performed via the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with a pressure adjusted so as to obtain displacement of the blood. This displacement is controlled by inspection of the pial vessels through a trephine opening. The technique implies control of the active concentrationin locoof the applied agents and of the application time, hence graded influences near the threshold levels can be obtained.Structural and metabolic considerations make it conceivable that low grade damage of the blood‐brain barrier may be produced with no significant effect on the neuronal activity as reflected in EEG (except for the brief influence from the blood deprivation). After such damage intravenous administration of suitable substances, unable to pass the intact barrier, may give rise to unilateral EEG changes and thus reveal the defective barrier function. Two model experiments are reported. The first one shows that unilateral blood deprivationper se(for about 2 min) exerts a marked but reversible effect on the EEG without damage to the blood‐brain barrier as tested by intravenously injected trypan blue. The second experiment illustrates an attempt to induce barrier damage without significant changes in

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn human subjects it was found that during muscular work only small and unsystematic differences existed between temperatures measured at different depths in the rectum, whereas a steep temperature gradient was found along the upper oesophagus.—The oesophageal temperature measured just above the diaphragm (i. e. close to aorta and left heart) reached during exercise the work level much faster, and, also in the recovery period returned to the resting level much more rapidly than did the rectal temperature. During leg‐work the level reached by the oesophageal temperature was considerably lower than that reached by the rectal temperature while during arm‐work they were of about the same height. Breathing of air saturated with water vapor at body temperature did not influence the temperature in the lower oesophagus but eliminated the steep temperature gradient in upper oesophagus. Under these conditions the sublingual temperature was equal to the temperature in lower oesophagus. The experiments suggest that the oesophageal temperature measured just above the diaphragm is a good index of the temperature of a large part of the core of the body.—During work both rectal and oesophageal temperatures were practically independent of environmental temperatures between 5 a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe metabolism of high‐energy phosphate compounds was studied in substrate‐depleted bovine mesenteric arteries after addition of glucose alone and adrenaline plus glucose under anaerobic conditions. Also determined was the lactic acid production in the suspension solution. Glucose raised the content of ATP, ADP and CrP as well as the lactic acid production. From the lactic acid production estimated coincident increase in the synthesis of high‐energy phosphate compounds, approximately onet‐hird was demonstrable in the muscle. Adrenaline stimulated the lactic acid production further, simultaneously with contraction of the muscle.Only a minor proportion (18 per cent) of the calculated amount of high‐energy phosphate compounds produced could be recovered, however, in the muscle; the remainder was thought to have been consumed for the muscle contraction. The creatine phosphate content of the muscle did not rise after addition of adrenaline. On the other hand the ATP elevation tended to be greater, and the ADP content lower, than in the experiments with glucose alone. The results are considered in relation to those of previous experiments which indicate that tone‐promoting drugs are capable of stimulating the contraction process and the carbohydrate metabolism via separate

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn cats anesthetized with Nembutal the activity in muscle spindle afferents was recorded in thin dorsal root filaments. The conduction velocity of each fibre recorded from was determined. The value of 72 m/sec was used for separating primary and secondary afferents. The effect of electrical stimulation in the red nucleus on the adapted discharge to a steady stretch of the muscle under study was tested. It appeared that while the activity in primary afferents was as a rule strongly inhibited, the secondary discharge was only slightly or not at all influenced by the rubral stimulus. The dynamic burst of activity in primary afferents seen during the application of a slow extension of the muscle was also studied. The rubral stimulation as a rule caused an increase in the dynamic response although the static discharge was inhibited before as well as after the application of stretch. The results are discussed in relation to anatomical and physiological knowledge about muscle spindles. The conclusion is reached, that the red nucleus has an inhibitory influence upon the gamma supply to nuclear chain intrafusal fibres, but does not affect the motor innervation of the nuclear bag fibres.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDistribution of cholesterol‐4‐C14in alpha1, alpha, and beta lipoprotein fractions separated by paper electrophoresis was studied from 2 minutes to 56 hours after intravenous administration of cholesterol‐4‐C14in Tween 20 saline emulsion. The percentage of cholesterol‐4‐C14in the lipoprotein fractions was about the same as the percentage of chemically determined cholesterol in these fractions. The distribution was not changed with time. During the first half hour after the injection of cholesterol‐4‐C14the activity in all fractions decreased rapidly, but after the initial decline the apparent turnover time of cholesterol‐4‐C14in the different lipoproteins was about 52 hours. These findings support the view that the cholesterol‐4‐C14containing compounds formed

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEthionine administration to female rats resulted in a significant increase in the radioactivity of the chylomicron fraction after ingestion of cholesterol‐4‐C14. On the other hand, ethionine administration resulted in a marked decrease in the incorporation of radioactivity into the α1, lipoprotein fraction after ingestion of cholesterol‐4‐C14. In the normal rat 70 % of the radioactivity contained in the serum was found in the lipid of α1, lipoprotein whereas in the ethionine rats a trace of radioactivity only was found in the α2, fraction. There were no significant differences in the activities of the α2and β lipoprotein fractions between the ethionine and control rats. It is concluded that liver damage by ethionine resulted in a specific inhibition of the formation of

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReduction in regional blood flow to skeletal muscle impairs and eventually abolishes the responses of the resistance and capacitance vessels to both sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve fibre activation and close intraarterial infusion of l‐noradrenaline. The resistance response declines more rapidly and is abolished earlier than the capacitance response. The more severe the degree of flow reduction the more rapid is the decline and the shorter is the time to abolition of both responses. Increased frequency of nerve stimulation and increased dosage of noradrenaline produce greater responses and can ‘protect’ reactivity, temporarily, against the effects of flow reduction. This protection is greater for the capacitance response than for the resistance response. Flow reduction also impairs precapillary resistance to a greater degree and more rapidly than postcapillary resistance. This interferes with and eventually abolishes the normal ability of the nerves to decrease mean capillary hydrostatic pressure and, thereby, to cause a net inward movement of extravascular fluid. Retention of postcapillary resistance response beyond that of precapillary results eventually in an outward movement of fluid on nerve stimulation. The data indicate that precapillary responses (precapillary resistance vessels, precapillary sphincters) are more under the influence of local dilating metabolic factors than are postcapillary responses (postcapillary resistance vessels, major capacitance vessels) which, in turn, are more dominated by extrinsic nervous factors. These observations provide a more precise understanding of the regulation of the local circulation and may aid in explaining the nature of the circulatory derangement in

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe utilization of14C‐1‐acetate was studied in isolated epididymal adipose tissue of adult mice with the American variety of the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. A lower lipogenesis from acetate was found in these animals compared with their lean littermates. In both types of mice there was a tendency for decreased acetate conversion with increasing age. The considerable higher number of fat cells per unit wet weight in the lean littermates was not accompanied by any increase of the tissue nitrogen. The results obtained emphasize the value of also relating biochemical data to the number of fat cells in a given amount of t

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY