摘要:

Summary.Pharmacological properties of fifteen homologues and isonieres of xylocain, being alkyl‐amino‐acyl derivatives (table 1) were investigated. All compounds were tested in a 2 % solution, pH adjusted to 5.8–5.9.The convulsive dose (CD50) varied between 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg, the lethal dose (LD50) between 0.3 and 2 g/kg; both were established in white mice.All compounds caused a fall in the rabhit's blood pressure. In combination with adrenaline a concentration of more than 1: 333,000 (3 μg/ml) increased blood pressure.The compounds were potent local anesthetics, causing a surface anesthesia on the rabbit's eye with an absolute duration of 12–70 minutes and a total demotion of 4–7 hours.The infiltration anesthesia in dermal wheals in guinea‐pigs lasted in a 1 % and 2 % solution up to 300 minutes; addition of adrenaline 1: 50,000 (20 μg/ml) caused a marked increase, showing the compatibility with adrenaline.Theirritant effect varied for the different compounds, xylocain and LL 31 (2,4,6) being not irritant neither in the rabbit's ear nor in man.A relation between chemical constitution and pharmacological action was assumed and varied for each pro

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Isolated elements in the fully‐dark‐adapted cat's retina have been subjected to modest light‐adaptation of about 8 metres candles for 10 min. and the drop in threshold measured for a red, a green and a blue monochromatic test light.An ‘adaptation factor’ was calculated for each test light and element to show how many times the threshold had changed as a consequence of the adaptation.These adaptation factors varied over a range of about 1–600, in terms of multiples of threshold, both for the different test colours as well as from element to element.The variation with the test colour demonstrates that the modest light‐adaptation used had a differential effect with respect to colour. If visual purple alone were involved this substance must therefore exist in other states of probability than the one determined by the standard absorption measured in extracts from dark‐adapted eyes.The effect of light adaptation on the off/on‐ratio shows that the elements also become differently balanced under the i

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An investigation is made of the transformation of imidazole lactic acid, urocanic acid and imidazole acetic acid to creatine by rat muscle tissue in vitro. The rate of transformation of imidazole acetic acid is much smaller than that of the other imidazole acids and of histidine. The presence of certain methyl donators does not influence the yield of creatine, and it is concluded that guanidine acetic acid does not form an intermediary step in the process. The pH optimum is determined and the effect of certain inhibitors is studied. The possible interpretations of these findings are briefly discussed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1 A constant form of stimulation was obtained through distension of the stomach by means of a thin‐walled rubber bag inflated to a certain pressure. A different grade of distension was used. Recording of carotid blood pressure and respiration was carried out according to well‐known physiological methods.2 A typical response in its general course followed the distension under light chloralose anesthesia. The absolute blood pressure figures showed considerable variations. A trans‐hial subdiaphrag‐matic resection of both vagi caused no inhibition of the vascular and respiratory response. Cutting the 6th to 12th dorsal roots bilaterally abolished the respiratory response and the immediate blood pressure rise. Some rise of blood pressure occurring slowly often remained.3 Consequently the splanchnic nerves seems not to be the only path for pain from the stomach. Pain impulses may be transmitted by cerebro‐spinal fibres ending in the lesser omentum. A dual transmission of pain from the stomach is only assumed in anatomical sense. A physiological distinction is not justified.4 Pulling the stomach may cause a rise in carotid pressure by intact splanchnics. A fall in blood pressure could be noted after the same procedure when a number of important paths for pain from the stomach had been interrupted by sect

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.In order to demonstrate the presence of erythropoietins in foetal plasma, the following experiments were performed.1 Controls. Plasma from pregnant ewes and adult, non‐pregnant sheep was injected intraperitoneally into 6 rabbits, immunized against sheep plasma. The adult plasma caused a slight eythro‐cytosis and reticulocytosis on the 1st day after injection, which was on the 2nd day replaced by erythropenia, with a normal percentage of reticulocytes.2 Plasma from 5 sheep foetuses aged from 71 to 121 days was injected into 8 immunized rabbits. An erythrocytosis was observed on the 2 first days after injection, and a remarkable increase in the percentage of reticulocytes took place. The red cell values were decreased below the initial level on the 4th and 5th day, though never as low as in the control group on corresponding days. The reticulocytosis lasted for 4 days. The increase in the red cells and reticulocytes compared to that in the control group was found statistically significant.It is concluded, that the fontal plasma near term is more active in promoting erythrocytosis than adult plasma. The active substance contained in the plasnia probably has a rôle in stimulating the foetuses' bon

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the oxygen consumption has been investigated by the author in experiments on cats. When about 30 minutes have elapsed after the injection of DHE in a dosage of 25 γ per kg of the body‐weight, the effect sets in. About 50–110 minutes after the injection the oxygen consumption falls on an average by 9.0 per cent. The fall of the oxygen consumption is attributed to an inhibition of the normal activity of the sympathetic sy

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.It was found that a pressure applied to the distribution area of the surd nerve (rabbit) elicited a slowly adapting response. The adaptation time was about five minutes. Pacinian corpuscles were excluded. The end organs responsible for this discharge were localized within 0.2 mn. Their mechanical threshold remained below 200 mgr. The discharge from a sinzle receptor followed the all or none law. So after discharge was obtained. Four to eight receptors were found per cm2skin.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The ischaemic blocking of a sensory nerve (the surd nerve) in the rabbit was investigated. The survival time was determined by recording sensory impulses elicited by stimulating skin receptors.In amputation and trachea clamp experiments the survival time as longer in short stretches of ischaemic nerve than in long stretches. This difference was shoirn to be due to oxygen leakage. In tourniquet experinients, where oxygen leakage was prevented, long and short stretches survived for equal times. Thus no gradient in sensitivity to ischaemia in the sural nerve v‐as found. The questions of temperature gradient in the leg, of pressure of the tourniquet upon the nerve and of end organ paralysis were all investigated and shown to be without effect upon ischaemic paralysis in the conditions of these experiments.In spite of the fact that no gradient in ischaemia‐sensitivity in the nerve was found, the proximal part of the surd area responded some 3–7 minutes longer than the distal.Fibres from slomly adapting receptors were blocked later than fibres from hair touch receptors, although the conduction rates of “hair touch fibres” were shown to overlap completely those of “slowly adapting fibres”.The findings in the present paper are compared with earlier i

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1949

数据来源: WILEY