摘要:

AbstractDalhamn, T. and J. Sjöholm.Studies on SO2, NO2and NH3: effect on ciliary activity in rabbit trachea of single in vitro exposure and resorption in rabbit nasal cavity. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 287—291. — One of the factors which determine the toxicity of pulmonary irritant gases, etc., presumably is their action on the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. The degree to which such gases are resorbed in the mucous layer of the respiratory passages must also be taken into ac‐count when hygienic limits and allied questions are discussed. The present paper illustrates these two factors, viz., ciliostatic action and resorption, by experiments with three common respiratory irritant gases — sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia. As regards concentration required to arrest tracheal ciliary activityin vitro, the three gases varied considerably. The degree of resorption in the upper respiratory tract also showed wide variations. It seems probable that a gas which even in low concentration rapidly impairs ciliary activity and which is resorbed to a relatively slight degree can penetrate deeper into the bronchial tree and thus, on the stated assumptions, be more toxic than gases with the reverse charact

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrone, C.The permeability of capillaries in various organs as deter‐mined by use of the ‘Indicator Diffusion’ method. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 292—305. — The theory of a single injection technique, the ‘Indicator Diffusion’ method, for quantitative studies of capillary permeability is developed. It is shown that the permeability of a capillary area can be expressed by three parameters: the initial extraction (E) of test substances added in a single injection to the blood flowing to an organ, the blood flow (Q) and the surface area (A) of the capillaries. The equation relating these figures is:P= (=/A) × loge1/(1—E). The permeability coefficients of capillaries in kidney, liver, lung, brain and hind limb to inulin and sucrose are reported. It is found that the permeability of capillaries varies considerably from organ to organ. It is questioned whether the pore model adequately describes the functional characteristics of the capillaries in the muscles. The existence of pores should result in a pronounced deviation of the ratio between the permeability coefficients for sucrose and inulin from the ratio between the free diffusion coefficients. This was not foun

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlombäck, B., M. Blombäck, H. Lagergrenand P. Olsson.The heparin co‐factor activity in plasma and its relation to the anticoagulant effect of intravenously injected heparin. Acta physiol. stand. 1963.58. 306—318. — The heparin co‐factor activity in plasma, defined as the antithrombin activity at high heparin concentrations, was measured with two thrombin‐titration methods in dogs and human subjects following single or repeated intravenous injections of heparin. The co‐factor activity was found to decrease continuously during the period of elimination of heparin from the plasma, after which it rose slowly to the initial level. In dogs, the anticoagulant effect of intravenous heparin was studied at different levels of co‐factor activity in the plasma. The co‐factor activity was increased by infusion of bovine plasma fraction IV—1, prepared according to Cohn. The rise in co‐factor activity was always accompanied by an increase in heparin effect (prolongation of the coagulation time). The co‐factor alone exerted no effect

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractÅblad, B. and S. Mellander.Comparative effects of hydralazine, sodium nitrite and acetylcholine on resistance and capacitance blood vessels and capillary filtration in skeletal muscle in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 319—329. — The actions of intra‐arterially infused hydralazine, sodium nitrite and acetylcholine were studied with a technique permitting simultaneous and quantitative recording of the responses in the various ‘series‐coupled’ sections in the skeletal muscle vascular bed. The dilator effects of all three drugs were found to be due to a ‘direct’ action on the vascular smooth muscle. Each of the drugs evoked characteristic peripheral vascular response pattern differentiated from that of the others. Thus, hydralazine dilated the resistance vessels almost exclusively while sodium nitrite predominantly dilated the capacitance vessels. Acetylcholine elicited a pronounced dilatation of both the resistance and the capacitance vessels. Furthermore, hydralazine and acetylcholine produced a net outward capillary filtration into the extravascular space depending upon a relatively more pronounced dilatation of precapillary than post‐capillary resistance vessels, while sodium nitrite did not significantly influence the transcapillary exchange. The present findings may aid in explaining the different general hemodynamic effects elicited by hydralazine and sodium nitrite in t

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSanner, E.Studies on the excretion mechanism of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) in the chicken kidney. Acta physiol. stand. 1963.58. 330—341. — Serotonin at a dose of 150—200μg was injected into the leg vein of the chicken together with phenol red and tolazoline. All birds were pre‐treated with a MAO inhibitor (JB‐516, Catron®). The tubular excretion of serotonin was inhibited by simultaneous administration of tolazoline at a dose of 5—15 mg into the leg vein. Probenecid at a dose of 50 mg/kg given into the wing vein 1 hour prior to serotonin — phenol red injections gave a strong inhibition of phenol red excretion but left the serotonin excretion unchanged. Brom cresol green at a dose of 1 mg caused a specific inhibition of phenol red transport but left serotonin transport unchanged. Cyanine dye # 863 at a dose of 2 mg did inhibit the serotonin transport but such a big dose also interfered with phenol red transport capacity. Smaller doses of cyanine dye gave a weak inhibition of serotonin transport and did not alter the phenol red transport to any great extent. Reserpine did not inhibit either serotonin or phenol red transport. pH of the chicken urine did not influence the excre

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFolkow, B., R. H. Fox, J. Krog, H. Odelramand O. Thorés.Studies on the reactions of the cutaneous vessels to cold exposure. Acta physiol. stand. 1963.58. 342—354. — Some inter‐relationships between the mechanisms responsible for the vascular responses to intense cooling have been studied in cats and in man. The results suggest that both the initial intense blood flow decrease and the subsequent cold vasodilatation are complex in nature, each appearing to depend on a number of quite different mechanisms which are briefly discussed. There are good reasons to assume that the relative importance of each of the mechanisms involved may vary considerably depending on the circumstances, and that under certain conditions one or more may even be eliminated without changing the trend of the net re

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJohansson, B. W.Intramyocardial temperature gradients in dogs during hypothermia by surface cooling. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 355—358. — In five dogs the temperature in different parts and at different depths in the myocardium were recorded during cooling till asystole or ventricular fibrillation appeared. It was found that the temperature gradients were small and that there was no increase in the gradients with decreasing temperature. It is concluded that the ST‐T changes observed during hypothermia in homeothermic animals are not caused by intramyocardial temperature grad

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractÅstrand, I.Lactate content in sweat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 359—367. — Four subjects were heated by means of physical exercise in different room temperatures or with hot baths in order to bring about sweating. The sweat was collected in plastic bags from the extremities in at least 3 consecutive 15 min periods and analysed for the content of lactate and chloride. In some experiments the blood circulation was occluded with a blood pressure cuff. The lactate concentration was significantly higher during cycling than bathing and significantly higher during the first period as compared to the following. The lactate concentration rose during occlusion of the circulation. Mc secretion of lactate per minute was rectilinearly correlated to the sweating rate and to the chloride secretion. The first period of cycling revealed, however, significantly different values from the others in this respect. The results are discussed with regard to degradation of glycogen to lactate in the sweat glands, to diffusion of lactate into the blood, to reabsorption, intensity of the sweating stimulus and to the content of lactate in the epide

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFlodmark, S. and O. Steinwall.Reversible blood‐brain barrier alteration induced by certain organic acids and indicated by means of EEG and dye tests. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58. 368—375. — With an earlier described method for studies of the interrelation between EEG and blood‐brain barrier functions, alteration of the barrier was induced by intracarotidal application of certain types of organic acids (represented by penicillin G and Urokon). In long‐term experiments it could be established that this type of barrier alteration was reversible as judged by intravital dye tests and further by EEG‐activating tests, applied in the early and late phases of the experiments. The EEG changes evoked by the invasion of normally barred organic acids into the barrier‐damaged hemisphere were of an excitatory type and sometimes caused a convulsion pattern lasting for hours. Even after such a heavy stress on the neurons, however, there was a reversal in the EEG, sometimes to full normalization. The EEG course after this reversible barrier alteration is different from that seen after the persistent barrier dysfunction induced by mercuric ions as reported in a previous paper. The reversible action of the organic acids on the barrier is discussed as being compatible with the hypothesis, previously pro‐posed by Steinwall, that brain‐blood directed transport mechanisms participate in the barring of this group

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMarkiewicz, L.Biochemical and functional effects of long‐term administration of reserpine in mice. Acta physiol. stand. 1963.58. 376—380. — Mice were injected daily with reserpine (0.08 mg/kg) for 80 days. Nor‐adrenaline, dopamine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine were measured in brain, noradrenaline in heart, and adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenals. The behaviour and the body weights of the mice were followed closely throughout the entire period of treatment. The major part of the tissue monoamines disappeared during the initial period of the injections, but there tended to be a recovery of the mono‐amines during the latter part of the experiment in spite of continued injections with reserpine. The weight and the behaviour of the mice also showed the typical actions of reserpine during the initial period of injections (i. e. weight loss and sedation), but as the injections continued these functions also showed at least a parti

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY