摘要:

AbstractRadiolesions were produced in the pituitary gland and/or median eminence‐pituitary stalk region of seven lactating goats by use of a narrow, collimated beam of 185 MeV protons from a synchrocyclotron. Radiation doses of 25 to 30 krad were restricted to these structures by rotation of the goats' heads around the vertical and horizontal axes of the planned lesion. Ten to 15 days after pituitary irradiation in four goats, milk production declined steeply over a ten‐day period to about 20 per cent pre‐lesion levels. In two of the“hypo‐physectdmized” animals with injury also in the median eminence, diabetes insipidus developed concurrently with the onset of lactation block. Daily replacement with prolactin (luteotrophin), somatotro‐phin, ACTH, triiodothyronine, and insulin had restored milk synthesis to 60 per cent of pre‐radiation levels when destruction of trigeminal nerve trunks by continued lateral spread of radiolesions caused an abrupt decline in the health of the goats.In 3 lactating goats, irradiation of the median eminence/pituitary stalk region was followed after 25 to 30 days by (1) disappearance of the milk ejection reflex, (2) onset of diabetes insipidus characterized by absence of the normal interphase, (3) decline in milk production to 30 to 40 per cent of pre‐lesion levels, and (4) in one of them, marked loss of hair. That median eminence lesions blocked lactation secondary to pituitary insufficiency of ACTH, TSH, and STH, but not of prolactin or of oxytocin was suggested by the ability of varied therapeutic regimens to

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described for measuring the amount of sodium confined between an outer membrane, which is passively but specifically permeable to sodium, and an inner membrane where the active transport mechanism is located. The method allows correction for sodium outside the transport pool. Several determinations can be performed on the same skin. Repetitive determinations gave a standard deviation of ± 7 per cent. A single determination can ordinarily be made in less than an hour. Good agreement is found under suitable conditions between the potential difference calculated from the pool and the measured potential difference across the skin. Furthermore, from the disappearance rate of sodium from the pool and the size of the pool the active sodium transport can be calculated under conditions where other methods cannot distinguish between active and passive movements of sodium

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of (‐)‐nicotine‐methyl‐C14in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat was studied by using autoradiographic and microauto‐radiographic techniques. Five minutes after the intracarotid injection of labelled nicotine the ganglion was removed, frozen instantaneously and then prepared for autoradiography. From the microautoradio‐grams presented it becomes evident that almost all of the radioactivity is localized to the ganglion cells whereas the satellite cells and the connective tissue contain were little radioactivity. It is noteworthy that some of the ganglion cells contain much more radioactivity than others. The possible explanation for this discrimination i

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA continuous intravesical pressure recording was established in 22 anesthetized cats by operative canalization of the bladder cavity, leaving the urinary outlet intact. The intravesical pressure variations caused by controlled volume changes were studied, and the alterations in bladder activity in response to stimulation of the cerebral cortex were recorded. The followingexcitatorybladder reactions on cortical stimulation are described: augmentation of the rhythmic contractions, drop wise expulsion of the bladder contents with incomplete emptying of the vesical cavity and, finally, a normal micturition act with forceful detrusor contractions. With regard toinhibitoryeffects the following responses were obtained: reduction or complete inhibition of the rhythmic bladder activity, arrest of the urination act or suppressed micturition. In agreement with previous investigationsexcitatorybladder responses were obtained from the first sensory‐motor area and from the anterior cingulate region. In addition, excitatory effects were elicited by stimulation of the anterior ectosylvian and anterior sylvian gyri (the somatic sensory‐motor area II). Previous observationsof inhibitoryinfluence on bladder activity from the first sensory‐motor area were confirmed. In addition, inhibitory effects were produced from the somatic sensory‐motor area II, the subcallosal part of the anterior cingulate region and the orbital gyrus. All the various types of bladder reactions described above were obtained from any of these

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described with which the uptake of ions by biological tissues can be studied continuously. The method makes possible studies during short time intervals (0.1 sec). The preparation is mounted in a chamber which is inserted in a gamma‐ray analyzer. Through the chamber is flushed Ringer's solution interrupted by periods of silicone oil. The silicone oil is inert to the system. The preparation used in this paper was the sinus venoms of the frog's heart. Influx curves for K42and Na24are presente

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method for X‐ray determination of the heart volume of rats is described. Using general anesthesia the heart was X‐rayed in the frontal and sagittal planes. The relative volume of the heart, calculated from the length, breadth and depth was multiplied by the correction factor of 0.44 to obtain the absolute volume. The correction factor has been estimated by empirical analysis in heart models. The relationship between length (a), breadth (b) and the square of depth (c). i.e c2/a×b; does not change during growth. The standard error of estimate for a single determination calculated from 168 duplicated determinations was 7

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeminal volume, sperm count and sperm density were studied in ejaculates collected from rabbits immediately after intravenous injections of oxytocin. The hormone was shown to increase the volume of the first ejaculate obtained and incite a more rapid emission of sperm cells in the ejaculates immediately following. Some observations may indicate that the oxytocic effect varies with the androgenic status of the animal. Results have been presented suggesting a release of gonadotropins caused by oxytocin.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy means of statistical methods cyclic variations in some sexual functions often bulls used for artificial insrminations have been demonstrated. The cycles found have a length of a few weeks and indicate cyclic processes in the epididymis as well as in the accessory glands. The cyclic variations in fertility were more regular in young bulls than in older ones.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree fractions of human liver acylcholine acyl‐hydrolasc (cholinesterase, EC 3.1.1.8.) were separated by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200. One fraction (II) was identical with human serum cholinesterase with respect to enzymatic properties (substrate and inhibitor specificity, pH dependence, activation by ammonium ions), to solubility in the presence of zinc ions, and to electrophoretic mobility beforc and after removal of sialic acid. Since as much blood as possible was removed from the liver before extraction, it seems unlikely that the fraction originates from plasma. The other fractions (Id and Ie) wcre also identical Jvith serum cholinesterase with respect to enzymatic properties, but differed with respect to molecular properties. They were not sialo‐proteins, and their electrophoretic mobilities differed from that of native and of neuraminidase‐treated serum cholinesterase. Separation on Sephadex G‐200 indicates a lower molecular weight of fraction Ic than of fraction Id and II. The findings are consistent uith the assumption that serum cholinesterase is produced in the liver with fraction Id and Ie as precursors and fraction II as the fina

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cardiac output is measured with a CO2rebreathing method suggested by Defares(1956). The mixed vmous CO2pressure is determined graphically from the breath by breath‐determined CO2content in a rubber bag during rebreathing from the bag. Arterial CO2pressure is assumed to be the same as in end‐tidal air. CO2eliminated per time unit is measured by collecting the expired air in a Douglas bag and the cardiac output is determined with the Fick equation. For the CO2analysis a rapid infrared CO2metcr is used. The obtained values at rest are of the same size as those obtaincd with the Crollman acetylene method. The values from the work cxperiments arc of the same magnitude as those obainted with dye‐diliution or direct Fick methods. Stroke volume shows increasr from rrst to work about 60–80 p

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY