摘要:

AbstractTribukait, B.Der Einfluss von Cobalt auf die Erythropoiese der Ratte.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.101–110. — The development of polycythemia in rats, treated with cobalt, was studied. Cobalt was injected intraperitoneally 6 times a week in increasing doses of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/100 g body weight during 21, 22 and 45 days respectively. The total amount of hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite, reticulocytes and blood volume were determined. Hemin, taggedin vivowith C14‐2‐glycine, was isolated from 0.1–0.2 ml blood samples and the specific activity was measured. The hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite and reticulocytes increased significantly during treatment with 0.4 mg cobalt, but the total hemoglobin was unchanged. There were no signs of hemolysis as evaluated from the specific hemin activity. During treatment with 0.6 and 0.8 mg cobalt the relative blood values increased further, and also the total hemoglobin increased. The hemoglobin concentration reached values of 20 g/100 ml of blood and the total hemoglobin increased from 2 to 3 g. The blood volume was unchanged. The reticulocytes reached a maximum value after about 40 days treatment and thereafter decreased to normal concentrations despite the increasing total hemoglobin. The degree of this polycythemia was similar to that one developed at an altitude of abo

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBelfrage, P., B. Borgströmand T. Olivecrona.The tissue distribution of radioactivity following the injection of varying levels of fatty acid labeled chylomicrons in the rat.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.111–123. — H3‐palmitic acid labeled chylomicrons in doses of 4–124 mg lipid were injected intravenously into rigorously carbohydrate‐fed rats. The radioactivities in blood, liver, adipose tissue, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and muscles were studied. For doses of 4 to 33 mg lipid the disappearance of label from the blood followed an exponential rate which was similar for these doses and corresponded to half‐lives of 2.2 to 3.5 minutes. The maximal radioactivities found in the liver were also similar for these doses and ranged from 40 to 51% of the injected radioactivity. For doses of 64 and 124 mg lipid the disappearance curve was more complex and the label disappeared more slowly from the blood. The maximal radioactivity found in the liver was also decreased. It is concluded that at these doses the system was overloaded. The spleen and the lungs took up significant amounts of chylomicron fatty acids as evidenced by initial peaks in the radioactivity curves for these tissues. The kidneys, the heart, and the muscles showed a slower rise of radioactivity and presumably took up mainly recirculated fatty acids. The adipose tissue also seemed to take up mainly recirculated

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSteen, J.B.The physiology of the swimbladder of the eel, Anguilla vulgaris.I. The solubility of gases and the buffer capacity of the blood. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.124–137. — Some physiological properties of eel blood which may have importance in gas exchange in the swimbladder have been investigated. Using the Scholander and Roughton syringe analyzer for blood gases and micromethods for determination of lactic acid and pH the solubility of the gases of air has been measured at various temperatures and pH levels at pressures up to 1 atm. The buffer capacity of eel blood has also been studied in some detail. The O2‐ and CO2‐solubility followed the same general pattern as is known to obtain in blood of other species. The O2‐content of blood at a pO2of I atm is reduced by about 40% when the pH is lowered from arterial values to 7.0. The N2and Ar solubility is approximately 10% reduced when the pH of eel blood is lowered from about 7.8 to 7.5. Using the same experimental technique no such effect was found on eel plasma, blood from man, tro

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSteen, J. B.The physiology of the swimbladder in the eel Anguilla vulgaris.II. The reabsorption of gases. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.138–149. — Gas reabsorption from the reabsorbent swimbladder has been investigated with the micro‐blood analyzer and gas analyzer of Scholander and coworkers. It was shown that O2moves both from blood to gas andvice versa.The rate of O2reabsorption depends upon blood flow and the O2gradient between gas and blood. All the observations support the view that O2is reabsorbed by diffusion. Blood flow is much increased by anoxia. The reabsorbed O2is hardly of any respiratory use during O2shortage of the water, but may be important when the eel is in the air. The increased O2reabsorption during O2shortage may also guide the eel to a more O2rich environment. Fishes have less hydrostatic problems the deeper they live. The reabsorbent bladder of the eel seems to have about the same diffusion characteristics as has the human lung, the functional superiority of the latter beeing due primarily to its favourable surface to volume

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHollenberg, N. K. and B. Uvnäs.The role of the cardiovascular response in the resistance to asphyxia of avian divers.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.150–161. — Submersion asphyxia in unanaesthetized ducks produced a characteristic circulatory response consisting of a pronounced bradycardia, increased blood pressure, decreased splanchnic and skin blood flow and little change in skeletal muscle blood flow. The circulatory responses to asphyxia were completely abolished by denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors and baroceptors. Continuous measurement of arterial oxygen saturation showed a biphasic fall during asphyxia, decreasing very rapidly during the first 40 sec, and then falling much less rapidly at the time splanchnic and skin blood flow reached a minimum. It was concluded that the marked ability of divers to withstand asphyxia is related to their circulatory response. The net result of the circulatory response is to decrease the oxygen supply to areas that can easily withstand an oxygen deficit for a limited period, conserving the available oxygen stores for tissues more sensitive to a lack of oxygen. Evidence is presented which suggests that the above described response is due to chemoreceptor stimula

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTygstrup, N.Determination of the hepatic galactose elimination capacity after a single intravenous injection in man. The reproducibility and the influence of uneven distribution.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.162–172. — The hepatic galactose elimination capacity was determined from the disappearance curve in blood after a single intravenous injection. Using conventional principles for the calculation the results in repeated experiments were reproducible within 10 per cent. Comparison of the results obtained by this method with those of an infusion method showed that the latter were consistently smaller. This difference, amounting to an average of 15 per cent, might be caused by uneven distribution of galactose between its intra‐ and extravascular volume of distribution. From theoretical considerations it was deduced that the uneven distribution might be corrected for by parallel displacement of the arterial concentration curve along the time axis. Experiments with continuous infusions at different rates indicated that on the average the curve of the mean concentrations in the body was delayed 7 min in relation to the arterial curve. When the single injection experiments were corrected for this delay, the difference between the results of single injection and infusion experiments disapp

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAndersen, H. T.Factors determining the circulatory adjustments to diving. I. Water immersion.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.173–185. — The importance of water immersionper sefor the circulatory adjustments to diving has been studied in the domestic duck. The heart rate has been used as an index of the cardio‐vascular changes. The physiological reactions characteristic of diving were elicited upon submersion in ducks with free access to air through tracheal cannulas, just as well as in intact birds. Likewise, the adjustments to diving were maintained by emerging ducks after the nostrils were above the water surface, provided the rest of the beak was kept submerged. Also, when the lungs and air‐sacs were ventilated at the normal rate during descent and submersion, the diving bradycardia was nevertheless elicited. By studying the heart rate during slow submersions of the beak and the head, it was found that the most marked cardiac slowing resulted from immersion of the level of the nares, whereas the conspicuous post‐divc tachycardia was brought about during the first respiratory effort. It is concluded that the circulatory adjustments to diving are elicited by the actual water immersion, probably due to stimulation of peripheral receptors in the beak, especially in the region of the nostrils. The degree of distention of the lungs and the air‐sacs, as well as variations in the venous return may also be important factors for the elicitation and abolition of the diving char

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAndersen, H. T.Factors determining the circulatory adjustments to diving II. Asphyxia.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.186–200. — The significance of asphyxia and its two components hypoxia and hypercapnia for the development of the circulatory adjustments to diving has been studied in the domestic duck by ventilating the lungs and air‐sacs with various gas mixtures during submergence. The heart rate has been used as an index of the cardio‐vascular changes. Asphyxia produces a marked bradycardia in the duck, but only after a delay of up to 45 sec. The very conspicuous bradycardia seen during protracted dives is, however, neither due to submergenceper senor to asphyxia alone, for it has been found that the effects of the two summate. Hypercapnia appears to influence the heart rate much more than hypoxia does, although the latter is not without any effect, since it has been shown that the respiratory and circulatory adjustments are not abolished unless the asphyxia is relieved; or the hypercapnia is relieved at a point when the hypoxia is not too severe. Passive mechanical stretching of the lungs and air‐sacs have very little effect on the heart rate duri

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRäsänen, T.Fluctuations in the mitotic frequency of the glandular stomach and intestine of rat under the influence of ACTH, glucocorticoids, stress and heparin.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.201–210. — Adrenocorticotrophin in a large single dose, in contrast to the small doses, produced a distinct drop in the mitoses of the gastric mucosa of rat but not in those of the duodenal mucosa. The reducing effect of dexamethasone, prednisolone and cortisol on the mitotic index was biggest for dexamethasone and smallest for cortisol. The change in the mitotic index was smaller in the duodenal epithelium than in the gastric mucosa. Peritonitis produced a slight drop in mitoses in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. An acute stress produced a distinct reduction in mitoses in the gastric but not in the duodenal, jejunal and colonic epithelium. Heparin produced a distinct reduction of mitoses in the gastric epithelium but not in the duodenal epithelium. The reduction in the mitotic frequency is attributed to more rapid cellular changes in the gastric than intestinal lamina propria. A factor reducing mitotic frequency in the gastric mucosa is probably the local, rapid heparinliberation from the mucosal mast cells. The reduction in mitotic frequency following various insults was great in the epithelium of the gastric mucosa, slighter or nonexistent in the intestinal mucosa. This is attributed to more rapid changes in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa than in the intestinal lamina propria. Another factor reducing mitotic frequency in the gastric mucosa is probably the local, true heparin liberated from the mucosal mast

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEliasson, R. and U. Samelius‐Broberg.The effect of various dextran fractions on the suspension stability of the blood after intravenous injection in cats.Acta physiol. scand. 1963.58.211–215. — The effect of 3 different commercially available dextran preparations on the suspension stability of cat's blood has been studied after i.v. injection during circulatory experiments. It is shown that dextrans with a mean molecular weight of 75,000 and higher induce such a marked decrease in the suspension stability that they can hardly be regarded as suitable plasma expanders for this species. A dextran preparation with a mean molecular weight of 40,000 and a narrow molecular weight distribution (Rheomacrodex®) does not change the suspension stability of the cat's blood. It has earlier been shown to be a suitable plasma expander and its use in physiological experiments on cats is therefore recom

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1963

数据来源: WILEY