摘要:

Summary.The red corpuscles contain much larger amounts of acid soluble phosphorus compounds than the plasma. The difference is only maintained as long as an active process, an alternative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, takes place in the corpuscles, a process which, was studied by measuring the rate of penetration of labelled phosphorus into the erythrocytes and the rate of incorporation of32P into the acid soluble P compounds present in the corpuscles.While labelled phosphate penetrates at about the same rate into the corpuscles of the human and the rabbit, it enters at a much slower rate the nucleated corpuscles of the hen and the frog.The amount of labelled phosphate which penetrates into the corpuscles of the rabbit at 0° was found to make out about 1/14 of the amount found at 37°.Incorporation of labelled phosphate into acid soluble P compounds, thus alternative dephosphorylation and phosphorylation, was found to go on in the blood hemolysate as well, though at a slower rate than in the intact corpuscles.A lowering of the temperature from 37° to 0° reduces the amount of labelled P incorporated into organic P compounds of the hemolysate to 1/4.The addition of KCN to blood reduces the formation of organic P compounds in the corpuscle markedly.The rate of penetration of phosphate into the corpuscles was also measured by accumulation experiments in which a part of the plasma chloride Was replaced by phosphate and the amount of phosphate which left the plasma determined at different intervals.The difference between the interchange of labelled and non‐labelled ions, present in the plasma and the corpuscles respectively, and the accumulation of ions in the corpuscles after raising the ionic concentration of the plasma is discussed and it is shown that only interchange experiments supply a direct measure of the hindrance of a phase boundary to the passage of ions.By using32P and38Cl, respectively, as indicators the percentage of plasma phosphate which penetrates per unit time into the corpuscles of the rabbit was found to be at least 100 times smaller than the percentage of plasma chloride penetrating into the corpuscles. The rate of penetration of sodium, using24Na as a tracer, Was found to be slower than the rate of intrusion of phos

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.1Eine Methode ist ausgearbeitet worden zur möglichst schnellen Fixierung der Blutbahnen im Herzmuskel, die quantitative kapillare Studien möglich macht.2Eine intramurale Durchblutung scheint unter der Systole vor sich zu gehen, docn unter erhohtem Wiederstand, was haupt‐sachlich auf der Kompression der quergehenden kapillaren Ana‐stomosen und Venen beruht.3Bei Variation der Herzfrequenz von 380 zu 820 stellte sich lieraus, dass linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der kapillaren Kontaktflache und dem längsten Diffusionsabstand auf der einen Seite und der Länge der diastolischen Herzphase auf der anderen herrscht.4Azetylcholin in intravenöser Injektion ergab in grosser Dosen mit Frequenzsenkung eine starke Vergrösserung von Ka‐pillarquerschnitt und Kapillaranzahl bei wachen und mit Per‐nokton betäubten Tieren.5Pernokton bewirkt nach subkutaner Inj ektion erst bei tief er Narkose, im Stadium von Eespirations‐ und periphere Zirkulations‐insuffizienz, eine deutliche Dilatation der Herzarterio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The author has recently given a new formula for the physical calculation of the cardiac output with basal conditions involving but weak reflection variations. It seems, that the theory for the single air‐chamber has been applied in this paper more strictly, than this usually occurs in the literature. The given formula has been tested on 80 cases by gas analysis and has therewith been proved in essentials to be more or less satisfactory. The average absolute deviation in comparison to gas analysis was not considerable (slightly over 10 %). Great deviations are more seldom than that is the case with corresponding formulae of earlier authors, but they appear however now and then. It has been shown that the previous formulae are to a certain extent theoretically insufficiently founded. It seemed in any case useful to examine the reasons why the air‐chamber theory even with as exact a treatment as possible is unable to attain an exactitude, which will be always sufficient for the practitioner. All physical magnitudes employed in this range of science have, therefore, been discussed with regard to either the exactitude of their theoretical foundation or to the accuracy of their measurements. A quantitative valuation of the possible corresponding absolute errors has, likewise, been carried out, in addition to the qualitative discussion. The values given on this occasion have not on the whole been closer developed, for brevity's sake, and serve but as a general orientation. Only a probability consideration could satisfactorily be given on the material with regard to the grouping of the relative errors of different magnitude.Several attempts concerning the physical calculation of the cardiac output, otherwise given in literature, have been considered for comparison. The author has therewith seized the opportunity to reject an in essentials unfounded criticism, directed against his paper of 1940 from some authors of the Münich school.The necessity of development of the usual air‐chamber theory in the direction of exact hemodynamics has anew been demonstrated in a relatively vast material. The possibility of making occasionally too great errors with the physical calculation of the cardiac output exists, indeed, even with the most careful deductions from the theory of a single air

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.1Substanz P (Eulerund Gaddum) stimuliert bei urethan‐narkotisierten Kaninchen in vivo bei lokaler oder intravenoser Zufuhr die Diinndarmbewegungen. Am Colon wurde keine Wir‐kung erzielt.2Substanz P steigert die durch den endointestinalen Druck aus‐gelosten peristaltische Tatigkeit des Darmes.Diese Arbeit wurde durch Mittel aus der Stiftung «Therese och Johan Anderssons Minne» unte

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The action of the optical isomers of adrianol, corbasil, sympatol and ephedrine on isolated rabbit's intestine has been studied.2The 1‐isomers of adrianol, corbasil and sympatol inhibit the intestine in all cone, whereas the d‐isomers stimulate the intestine in small doses and inhibit it in larger ones.3The 1‐isomers of adrianol, corbasil and sympatol have a greater inhibiting activity than the d‐isomers. Thus 1‐adrianol is 10 000 times as active as d‐adrianol, 1‐corbasil 200 times as active as d‐corbasil and 1‐sympatol 2 times as active as d‐sym‐patol.41‐, dl‐ and d‐Ephedrine are equally active on isolated intestine, stimulating it in small doses and inhibiting it in larger ones.5Considering the stimulating effect of d‐adrianol, d‐corbasil and d‐sympatol on the intestine as well as the different ratios between the activities of the isomers on blood pressure respective on isolated intestine, it is concluded that there is aqualitativedifference in the mode of action of the optical isomers of the investigated drugs.6Without itself affecting the motility of the intestine d‐adrianol abolishes the inhibiting effect of 1‐adrenaline and 1‐adria‐nol but does not diminish the response to 1‐corbasil.7The theoretical interpretation of the different pharmaco‐dynamical ac

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1942.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1942

数据来源: WILEY