摘要:

Summary.1The K42entry into, and leakage from diaphragm muscles of the ratin vitrohave been studied at low temperatures. The two processes are not of the first order type.2The study revealed the existence of a substantial fraction of muscle potassium as a bound form.3The bound potassium fraction was mobilized when the temperature was raised or heparin was added.4Cooling the muscle to 5°C caused a net potassium loss and sodium gain.5Heparin had no effect on the water, potassium and sodium content of the muscle

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01588.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The establishment, of the monosynaptic EPSP and the direct IPSP in relation to the I a volley has been compared with intra‐cellular recording from motoneurones. The EPSP's appear at threshold stimulation of the I a afferents whereas an appreciable fraction of the I a afferents must be activated to evoke minimal observable direct IPSP's.2In some motoneurones a maximal I a volley from the nerve to an antagonist muscle may fail to produce a direct IPSP, but do so after post‐tetanic activation.With a nerve divided into many branches a maximal group I volley in any of them may not produce a direct, IPSP in the moto‐neurone to an antagonist muscle whereas a synchronous volley in all of them evokes a large IPSP.Occasionally evidence has been found suggesting that occlusion my also occur in the inhibitory pa

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01589.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The changes in the serum protein fractions in rabbits exposed to a high explosive air shock wave were studied by means of paper electrophoresis.2The albumin and γ‐globulin concentrations were decreased, the albumin content during the whole observation period of 10 days after the exposure, the γ‐globulin only during the first, 4 days.3Thea1‐ anda2‐globulin fractions were slightly increased from the second to the fifth day but had generally been normalized again at the end of the observation period.4In some eases a strong although statistically not significant increase of the β‐globulin fractions was noticed. This increase can partly have been due to a contribution from incompletely removed fibrinogen.5No changes were found in the total nitrogen cont

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01590.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Catheterization of a renal vein in dogs is described. The method is based on Seldinger'smethod for catheter replacement in intra‐vascular catheterization, and the use of a premodelled radio‐opaque plythene cathe

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01591.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung1Bei 31 wachen, ruhigliegenden Patienten wurde die lokale Laberdurchblutung mittels einer Wärmeleitsonde während mehrerer Stunden fortlaufend registriert.2Die Leberdurchblutung zeigte häufig spontan‐rhythmische Schwankungen mit einer mittleren Periodendauer von 34±7 sec. Die mittlere Amplitude dieser Schwankungen betrug etwa 15% der mittleren Ruheddurchblutung, die maximalen Amplituden erreichetn 70% der mittleren Ruhedurchblutung. Die spontanrhythmischen Schwankungen konnten in einigen Fällen durch Pharmaka sowie während des Elinschlafens verändert, ganz unterdrückt oder auch erst ausgelöst weden.3Unabhängig von den spontan‐rhythmischen Durchblutungs shcwankungen erfolgten häufig unregelmässige Durchblutuns änderungen, die gewöhnlich als Reaktion auf Emotionen zu deuten waren. Ihre Amplitude hetrug mazimal 75% der mittlereu Ruchedurchblutung.4Die Mögliehkeit eines zeitliechen Zusammenhanges spontanrhythmischer Durchblutungsschwankungen in der Leber mit spontan‐rhythmischen Durchblutungsschwankungen in anderen Kreislaufgebieten wie Skeletmuskulatur. Haut und Mesenterial organen wird diskutiert.Summary.1Local liver blood flow has been recorded continuously for several hours in 31 human subjects by means of a., Wärmeleitson‐de“.2The local liver blood flow displayed more or less regular spoutatieously rhythmical fluctuations with an average frequency of 34 ± 7 sec. The mean amplitude of these variations amounted to 15 per cent of the mean resting blood flow, the maximal amplitudes to 70 per cent. In some instances these spontaneously rhythmical fluctuations disappeared subsequent to the administration of drugs or while the subject was falling asleep, in other cases they appeared when certain agents had been given.3Independent of the spontaneously rhythmical fluctuation certain irregular blood flow changes occurred. These were interpreted as secondary to changes in body position, pain or emotional reactions of the patient. Their amplitude amounted to 75 per cent of the mean resting blood flow.4The possibility of a time relationship between the spontaneously rhythmical blood flow fluctuations in the liver and similar changes in muscle, skin and mese

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The exposed experiments give evidence that the histamine degradation in mouse liver is achieved by the methylating enzyme system, demonstratedin vivoby Schayer. Thus the main histamine metabolite found in slices is l‐methylimidazole‐4‐acetic acid. Furthermore, the histamine destruction is largely resistant to aminoguanidine which is a strong diamine oxidase inhibitor. Isobutyl‐isonicotinylhydrazin, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, prevents the formation of l‐methylimidazole‐4‐acetic acid, but does not altogether exclude the formation of l‐methyl‐4–(β‐ami‐noethyl) imidazole. These characteristics are to be expected for the methylating enzyme system on account of recent findingsin vivo

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1Spherical fluorescent particles of methylmethacrylate with a mean diameter of 0.1 μ were injected intravenously in normal and starved rabbits. Their clearance from blood was studied after one particle injection and 1 hour later, when the particles had disappeared from the blood, after a second injection of the same dose. The distribution of the particles in different organs was studied 2 hours after the last injection.2It was found that the particles disappeared more slowly from the blood stream in animals starved during 4 days than in controls. The decreased phagocytic index was assumed to be due to a decreased phagocytic activity of the reticulo‐endothelial cells of the liver. Four days' starvation decreased the total amount of particles phagocytized by the liver from 67 to 51 % but increased the amount of particles in the bone marrow from 25 to 39 %. The share of the lung was constant, about 2–3 yo. The rest of the particles were found in the spleen, which contained a mean of 5.8 % in controls and 4.1 % in starved animals.3If animals who were starved during 4 days but received food 24 hours before injection of the particles, no difference in distribution and clearance could be detected as compared with starved animals. After only 24 hours food deprivation irregular results were obtained.4The mechanism of phagocytosis and the results obtained are discussed. The possibility is suggested that the decreased resistance to infection in starved animals might in part be due to the decreased ability of their reticulo‐endothelial cells to phagocytize ba

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1The effect of several bivalent metal ions on the ATP‐induced contraction of glycerol‐extracted rabbit psoas fibre bundles has been studied under highly isometric conditions. The relaxing effect of these metals on previously contracted fibre bundles in the presence of 1 mM magnesium and in the presence or absence of ATP has also been investigated.2Zinc, (≥ 0.01 mM), cadmium (≥ 0.1 mM), calcium (≥ 10 mM) and mercury (≥ 0.01 mM) partly or wholly inhibit, the contraction. In lower concentrations, however, zinc (0.001 mM) and calcium (0.32 mM) produce an increase, in the final tension but have no significant effect, (calcium) or an inhibiting action (zinc) on the initial phase of the contraction.3In the presence of 0.4 mM ATP, 0.025–0.88 mM zink induces relaxation of a previously contracted fibre bundle. The contraction‐relaxation cycle can be repeated many times. In the absence of ATP. no relaxing effect could he demonstrated for zinc (≥ 0.88 M).4A less reversible relaxation, as compared with that of zine, is obtained with cadmium(5 mM and 1 mM) ill the presence of 0.4 mM ATP. Mercury (0.1 mM) produces a slow relaxation together with 0.4 mM ATP the relaxation is irreversible after 15 minutes' incubation with mercury, however. Calcium, cobalt and manganese (10 mM) bring about a slight decrease in tension of a contracted fibre bundle in the presence of 0.4 mM ATP.5A certain decrease in tension can he demonstrated for calcium (10 mM). strontium (10 mM) and mercury (0.1 mM) in the absence of ATP.6In the discussion it is stressed that, the complexing of metal ions by ATP greatly complicates the interpretation of findings obtained in studies of the interactions of metals, ATP and con

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1No or a very slow release of catechol amines occurs when the granules isolated from cow adrenal medulla are kept at 0° to +4°C. If the temperature is elevated, a liberation takes place both in sucrose and electrolytic media. No inhibitors for this “spontaneous” release have been found.2The ATP stored in the granules decreases parallelly with the catechol amines. The ADP and AMP, however, do not drop in the same proportion. No or only small amounts of the soluble proteins in the granules are liberated during the amine release.3The experiments speak against the view that the “spontaneous” amine release is brought forth by an ATP break‐down. Instead it seems highly probable chat ATP is liberated along with the amines and then secondarily split into AMP and inorganic P by the combined activity of the ATPase and adenylate kinase of the medulla

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY