摘要:

AbstractThe changes in liver and plasma lipid concentrations caused by ethionine have been studied in the rat. A dose‐response curve was obtained for one time interval. For a constant dosage the time response curve was measured. The response of rats of different sex and nutritional state was also studied. Ethionine caused a rise in liver lipids, essentially confined to the glyceride fraction, a fall of plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol and glycerides and a rise of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). The liver lipids rose to a higher level in fasted female than in fasted male rats. Male rats also required a higher dose of ethionine for maximal response. Carbohydrate feeding to otherwise fasted female rats diminished, but did not abolish, the liver fat accumulation. The changes in plasma and liver lipid levels were maximal 24 hours after the ethionine administration. At 72 hours the liver lipids had fallen again almost to the zero time value. During the recovery phase the plasma glycerides rose above the zero time value and at 72 hours were 3 times highe

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of plasma, liver, adipose tissue and carcass NFFA, FFA and PLFA have been studied in normal and ethionine‐treated fasted female rats. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and carcass lipids and also that of plasma FFA were uninfluenced by ethionine‐treatment. Thus, there was no sign of any qualitative difference in the mobilization of fatty acids from the depots in the ethionine‐treated rats. The fatty acid composition of liver NFFA and PLFA and of plasma TGFA, CEFA and PLFA on the other hand were significantly changed by ethionine‐treatment. In the normal rats most of the ratios between the fatty acids were different in liver NFFA and adipose tissue NFFA. In the ethionine‐treated rats the ratios not containing linoleic acid were not significantly different in liver NFFA and adipose tissue NFFA. This agreement is taken as evidence for adipose tissue NFFA being the source of the increased liver NFFA. As linoleic acid cannot be synthesized in the rat, the linoleic acid, which was present in the accumulated liver NFFA in an even higher percentage than in adipose tissue NFFA, must also have derived from an extrahepatic tissue, most probably adipo

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of insulin and glucose on pharmacological ethanol intoxication was studied in rats by means of a tilting‐plane technique. It was found that raised blood sugar tempered intoxication, whilst lowered blood sugar enhanced it. Thus, blood sugar is a factor affecting alcohol intoxication. In addition, insulin seems to have a specific (enhancing) effect on alcohol intoxication, not related to its effect on blood suga

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerotonin at a dose of 200 μg given to normal chickens by unilateral leg vein infusion showed an ipsilateral excess of excretion. The excess excretion was below 10 per cent of the dose however. Birds pretreated with a mono amine oxidase inhibitor showed an ipsilateral excess of such a magnitude (26 per cent of the injected dose) that it proves a tubular excretion of serotonin. Reserpine failed to block this process, but a small blocking effect of reserpine cannot be excluded. Urine flow was not significantly altered by the dose of serotonin used in this study

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe solubility of carbon dioxide in cerebral cortical tissue from cats was determined in homogenates, acidified to pH<4 (cf.vanSlyke, Sendroy, Hastingsand Neill, 1928). The homogenates, which were prepared from brains frozenin situwith liquid nitrogen, were equilibrated with pure carbon dioxide at 37.5° C. The carbon dioxide content of the homogenates was determined by the microdiffusion method of Conway(1950) and the resulting Kuenencoefficients (ml CO2/g and ml CO2/g of H2O) calculated. A linear relationship was found between solubility coefficient and tissue concentration in the homogenates. Extrapolation to undiluted tissue gave the coefficients 0.49 (ml CO2/g tissue) and 0.61 (ml CO2/g of H2O in the tissue) respectively. The solubility of carbon dioxide in the tissue followed Henry's law, which should indicate that no appreciable amount of carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto tissue constituents. Measurement of the solubility coefficient for carbon dioxide in cerebrospinal fluid at 37.5° C revealed that this coefficient came very close to that obtained in a 0.16 M NaCl solution. The solubility coefficient in water, originally determined to test the methods used, was in good agreement with two, but in less good agreement with the majority of the coefficients reported in the literature. An examination of the literature indicated a source of error in the determination of the latter value

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present communication deals with the excretion pattern of ethanol, an organic substance for which the kidney is a very poor organ of excretion. The purpose of testing this substance was to see whether the general laws relating chemical constitution and ability to penetrate cellular membranes, as formulated by Collanderand Bärlund, are applicable to the renal tubular cells. The findings were in accordance with that general rule. Contrary to what is usually found for passively transferred substances with higher clearances, the U/P‐ratio's were found to be lowest at low rates or urine flow. The U/P‐ratio's varied between 0.9—1.1 over a wide range of rates of urine flow. Further, it was shown that for ethanol the renal papilla only very slowly attains equilibrium with the arterial plasma and as ethanol in the final urine is probably in equilibrium with the interstitial tissue of the papilla this fact stresses the absolute necessity of maintaining a constant concentration of ethanol in the arterial blood in experiments on the renal treatment of this substance. Where easily diffusible substances are concerned the renal papilla behaves to some extent as an autonomous part of the

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation deals with the reliability and validity of different measurements of importance for the physical working capacity. Some physiological variables,e. g.pulse rate during a work test, have been correlated with each other, with some morphological variables and with an independent external criterion of the physical working capacity in the form of results from a skiing competition. The reliability of the work test on the bicycle ergometer was shown to be very high with intra‐test correlations as high as r = 0.97 and re‐test correlations (after about 8 months) r = 0.75. The highest validity correlation was 0.54 thus showing the usefulness of the work test on the bicycle ergome

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUrine oxygen tension (UpO2) can be varied independently of oxygen tension of renal venous blood and renal blood flow by means of vasoactive drugs. It is assumed that UpO2is determined by pO2in the renal papilla by equilibration across the walls of the collecting ducts. UpO2might therefore be a function of the rate of blood flow to the medulla and papilla. To test this hypothesis 8 experiments were carried out in Nembutal‐anesthetized dogs. UpO2was recorded polarographically, and was varied between 8 and 60 mm Hg byi. v.infusion of histamine, papaverine, adrenaline and nor‐adrenaline. UpO2showed no consistent correlation to THc2O, EPAHor CUrea/CCr, functions which might be expected to depend on the rate of medullary blood flow. The experiments thus gave no support for the hypothesis that the variations in UpO2were due to variations in medullary blood flow. No definite conclusion is permitted, however, because the dependency of these parameters on medullary blood flow has not been pro

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of fusimotor activity on the static behaviour of soleus muscle spindle receptors in the decerebrate cat has been investigated by comparing their responses before and after ventral root section. The endings were classified as primary or secondary according to the conduction velocities of their afferent fibres. Their static behaviour was assessed by measuring their frequency of discharge at different lengths 0.5 sec after completion of a slow stretch at 3 mm/sec. Fusimotor activity increased the static responses of both kinds of ending; measured at physiological full extension, the average increase was slightly greater for primary than for secondary endings. The static responses of both kinds of ending tended to increase or decrease together when the level of fusimotor activity changed. The static sensitivity (slope of frequency‐extension relation) of both kinds of ending was commonly, but not invariably, increased by fusimotor activity. These findings, in conjunction with previous work, show that the behaviour of primary and of secondary endings is more alike under static than under dynamic conditions. This is discussed in relation to the possible functions of the secondary endin

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY