摘要:

SummaryEnterogastrone prepared according to Greengard et al. does not inhibit the gastric secretion of the anaesthetized cat stimulated by the intravenous infusion of histamine.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMethyl scopolamine is the most potent gastric secretory depressant of the atropine substitutes so far studied. The spasmolytic drugs syntropan and vagospasmyl depress the gastric secretion only if given in very high doses.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe article gives a survey of various devices for recording the number of impulses received from a Geiger—Miiller tube when the latter is exposed to radiation from a radioactive preparation. It contains a description of an automatic machine capable of conveying up to 8 separate preparations successively under the G—M tube, once or several times, and for periods of variable length (from 2 to 60 minut

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassnng1. Entsprechend der absoluten (der 1.) Schwellenempfindung (Bloch u. a.), sowie der ihr nachsten iiberschwelligen Empfindun‐gen von Momewtawlichtreizen gelten Eeizregeln von der bilinearen Form L.t= E, wo L die Reizintensitat, t die Reizzeitdauer und E die Energie des Reizes bedeuten.2. Die den verschiedenen momentanen Empfindungsgrossen entsprechenden Reizenergiewerte E stehen in linearem Verhaltnis zu den Reizintensitaten, welche bei Dawerlichtreizen mit den vo rigen Empfindungsgrossen erlebnisaquivalent sind. Es gilt empirisch die Gleichung E = (m + 1) E1/2, wo Ex die Reizenergie der absoluten (der 1.) Momentanempfindungsschwelle ist und m eine Zahl bedeutet, die proportional der Reizintensitat des Dauer‐lichtes ist.3. Es wird gezeigt, dass in der Nahe der absoluten Schwelle, also bei den untersten Sch.wellenordnungszah.len, sowohl die Bauer‐ (/JL8) wie die Momentanxeizschwellen {A˜ES) eine lineare Abhangigkeit von den entsprechenden Dauer‐ (Ls) bzw. Momen‐tangrundreizen (EJ zeigen.4. Bei den Dauerreizschwellen steigen die Werte der Reiz‐scbwellen (gemessen in Lux) von Schwelle zu Schwelle, vom ersten Werte an. Bei den Momentanreizschwellen gilt dasselbe Verhalten, aber nur von der zweiten Schwelle an. Die erste Momentanreiz‐schwelle ist doppelt grosser als sie gemass dieser linear sich ver‐grossernden Reihenordnung sein sollte (Tabelle 2). Es wird gezeigt, dass diese Diskrepanz darauf beruht, dass die hier gebrauchte und ubliche Bestimmungsart der ersten Momentanlichtschwelle verschieden von der Bestimmungsart der Momentanlichtschwellen von hoherer Ordnungszahl ist. In dem Falle, dass die Bestim‐mungsmethoden der begrifflichen Reizgrossen in alien Fallen auf gleichartigen, ihnen implikativ entsprechenden phanomenalen Empfindungsgrossen basieren, bekommt man eine vom ersten Momentanreizschwellenwert an glatt anwachsende Serie von Reiz‐unterschiedsschwellen; die erste Momentanreizschwelle ist also bei dieser adaquaten Reizbestimmungsmethode die Halfte kleiner als sie bei der iiblichen Bestimmungsmethode ist.5. Die empirische Bestatigung einer Konsequenz der theo‐retischen Auffassung des Zusammenhangs der begrifflichen Reizgrossen und der phanomenalen Empfindungsgrossen zeigt, un‐seres Erachtens, die Bedeutung der von uns in anderem Zusam‐menhang versuchten

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe author summarizes our scant knowledge up to the present time of the citrate content of the bone system and reports new determinations carried out by him on humans, birds (Larus ridi‐bundus), fish (Clupea harengus, Gadus callarius and Scomber scombrus). The citrate determinations have been made by means of the colorimetric variation of Stahres pentabromaceton method introduced by Pucher, Shekman and Vickery, and finally with the modification worked out by Hunter and Leloir. The amount of citrate found has been put in relation to water‐free (ev. also fat‐free) substance. When expressed in this manner the value for humans, birds, and fish vary between one and a few percent. The Ci‐value in the frog, kept during the winter and not used until late in the summer, was abou

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe depressor and pressor activity of extracts from the aortic walls of cattle have been investigated, using the extraction method described by Euler.The depressor action seems to a great extent to be due to the presence of histamine in the extracts.The pressor action of the extracts is due to some substance which in most cases mimics the action of nor‐adrenaline but in some cases is more like adrenaline. This difference in the action of the extracts is not due to the presence of different pressor substances but to the presence of contaminating histamine. Traces of histamine, though masked in its action on the blood pressure by the pressor substance, may cause a liberation of adrenaline in the test‐animal itself.The expenses of this investigation were defrayed by a grant from the Therese and John Andersson Memorial Foundat

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOn the International High Expedition to Chile Edwards (1936) found that the maximum lactate concentration after exhaustive work was much lower than at sea level. In the present experiments with acute changes of the oxygen tension in the inspired air the following results were found.1) At a decreased oxygen tension the capacity for work was lowered, but the maximum lactate concentration was, practically, the same or —in one type of work—higher than in normal air. Also the oxygen debt was practically the same as in normal air.2) In pure oxygen the capacity for work was increased but the maximal blood lactate concentration was practically the same as in normal air.3) A lowering of the alkaline reserve by ingestion of NH4C1 corresponding to the decrease found at altitudes from 3.7 to 6.0 km had no effect on the capacity for work or on the maximum blood lactate concentration and oxygen debt after exhaustive work.According to these results it seems doubtful that the failing ability to accumulate large amounts of lactic acid at high altitudes is the effect of a useful acclimatization, but that it is due rather to a progressive weakening of the subjects making them less able to perform anaer

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExperiments have been carried out on guinea‐pigs, which were given daily doses of digitalis subcutaneously for one month. Its effects were followed inter alia by observing the mortality among and the weight of the animals. The minimum lethal dose for intravenous digitalis administration was determined on the surviving animals according to Knaffl‐Lenz. The following results were obtained:1) The animals which were immediately exposed to extra muscular exercise after the digitalis injections showed a greater digitalis tolerance than those which did not have to run (tables 1 and 2).2) Under our test conditions it was possible to establish a sort of habituation of the guinea‐pigs to digitalis. The strong general effect shown by most of the animals during the first few hours immediately following on the digitalis injections in the first few days gradually subsided.3) During weeks the guinea‐pigs could tolerate comparatively large doses of digitalis (half LD 50 doses twice daily). We attribute this to the low cumulative effect of digitotal, the digitalis preparation we used, and to the rapid elimination of digitalis in t

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00482.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExperiments were made with guinea‐pigs on the destruction and cumulation of alcoholic extracts of folium digitalis purpureae and lanatae on the basis of Fraenkel's procedure as well as that of Hatcher‐Brody.It was found that the lanata extract was eliminated more rapidly and was less cumulative than the pupurea extract.The guinea‐pigs showed a particularly marked capacity for the destruction of digitalis. The cumulation, under our experimental conditions, does not seem to have been due to any storage of digitalis in the org

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00483.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe authors have exposed rats and mice daily to carbon monoxide in contents of 0.25, 0.4, 0.5 and 1 %. Their observations are as follows:— The test animals became acclimatized to carbon monoxide in contents of 0.25–0.5 % and the tolerance against CO in 8–15 days increased 2–4 times its former value. In 1 % CO only slight acclimatization was observed.— An intermission of several days in exposure diminished the tolerance. The longer the intermission was the more tolerance (got by acclimatization) the an

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1948.tb00484.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY