摘要:

Adrenal emergencies are rare but must be rapidly recognized to afford optimal treatment. We will consider the emergency evaluation and treatment of primary as well as secondary adrenal insufficiency as well as Cushing's syndrome.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The major emphasis of this report will be on the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic acid-base perturbations. Among the learning objectives are to appreciate the physiological and biochemical background of acid-base homeostasis and the compensatory responses to acid-base disturbances: buffers, respiratory and renal compensations. Reading this report should allow one to comprehend the use of the HCO−3buffer system and the Henderson Equation in the evaluation of acid-base problems. Further, one should gain knowledge concerning the use of anionic gap for diagnostic purposes. Finally, the reader should be able to recognize differences between simple and mixed acid-base perturbations.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Diabetes mellitus is a serious disease affecting approximately 16.7 million people in the United States. Patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from a number of serious medical complications (myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular accidents, blindness secondary to retinopathy, life threatening infections, neuropathy, kidney disease, vascular disease, amputations, periodontal disease, and complications of pregnancy) that often require emergency treatment. Diabetic emergencies such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), and hypoglycemia are frequently seen and managed in the emergency department. Emergency physicians must have an adequate understanding of the presentation, clinical signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of these disorders of glucose to manage their patients appropriately. This article provides an overview of diabetes mellitus and an in-depth discussion of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, HHNS, hypoglycemia, and their complications.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Systems of hypothyroidism can mimic a myriad of different disease processes. Elderly female patients who appear in the ED with confusion, hypothermia, or respiratory distress should be evaluated for this disease as a concomitant illness. The true incidence of thyroid disease in the elderly is probably underdiagnosed because of its insidious presentation. It is critical to make the diagnosis, because thyroid hormone replacement can ameliorate many symptoms caused by the underactive thyroid.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients with disorders of calcium homeostasis may manifest few or no symptoms or present emergently with life-threatening arrthymias. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are indicated. In this article we will review the physiology of calcium homeostasis and evaluation of serum calcium and then review hypo- and hyperparathyroidism and the effect of these disease states upon calcium metabolism.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper offers a protocol to enhance the precision of assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome after an interval of two years or more. Part I stresses that correct assessment is dependent upon accurate and comprehensive information gathering between the acute and chronic phases, and awareness of the great range of dysfunctions that should be considered. Specifications are offered for the use of a general medical examination, adult and child endocrinological examination, SPECT (Single Photon Emitted Computerized Tomography), a neurological examination partial seizure study, neuropsychological examination, brain perfusion study (SPECT), utilization of sensitive procedures, comparison of findings with an estimated pre-injury baseline, consideration of non-TBI factors that reduce effectiveness, such as, posttraumatic stress disorder headaches, pain, and hyperarousal, medical conditions, social reaction to the injured person, quality of treatment, and availability of compensation. Prognosis requires awareness of late development neurological, health, and endocrinological dysfunctions.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID