摘要:

Cocaine use is a major health problem across North America. Patients may experience myocardial infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, complications of hyperthermia, liver failure, and numerous other complications, including sudden death. These patients often sustain trauma as a result of risk-taking behavior associated with cocaine use. They are also at risk for early atherogenesis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Cocaine adversely affects the outcome of pregnancy and puts the newborn at risk for sudden infant death syndrome. Parents who abuse cocaine may neglect or abuse their children. Optimal management of these patients requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of cocaine toxicity as well as an awareness of the common complications associated with cocaine use.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Opiates comprise the natural derivatives of the poppy plant, such as morphine and codeine. The termopioidsincludes these as well as synthetic (eg, fentanyl) and semisynthetic (eg, hydrocodone) derivatives. Patients with an opioid toxidrome typically present with miosis (pinpoint pupils), sedation, obtundation or coma, respiratory depression, and mild depression of vital signs. Users of adulterants and various specific opioids, however, may have unusual presentations, including mydriasis, seizures, movement disorders, and delayed toxicity, which can confuse the diagnosis. Naloxone remains the reversal agent of choice, but its indiscriminant use presents untoward complications. Naloxone does not prevent noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, which may present in a delayed fashion after high doses of any opioid. Clandestine storage of opioids by “body packers” and “body stuffers” presents special treatment and disposition issues even in asymptomatic patients.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The abuse of prescription sedative-hypnotic drugs is a common cause of toxicologic presentations to emergency providers. Optimal management of these patients requires proper recognition of related syndromes, careful interpretation of laboratory data, and appropriate application of therapy. A clear and accurate understanding of the pathophysiology of sedative-hypnotic drug effects may further support a rational and effective approach to the emergent care of these patients.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ethanol consumption is intertwined with many of our major social and cultural activities and is the most frequently abused drug throughout the world. Complications of ethanol abuse are a common occurrence and represent the most common toxicologic presentation to the emergency department. The article focuses on the emergency department assessment and management of ethanol intoxication and addresses related medical disorders, including alcoholic ketoacidosis, ethanol-induced hypoglycemia, thiamine and niacin deficiency, and the detection of alcoholism in the emergency department.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

People who abuse solvents by inhalation are typically between the ages of 12 and 25 years. The different types of abused products are numerous and can be found in the household or at the workplace. They include aerosols, degreasers, glues, and petroleum fuel (eg, gasoline). Toxicity from these agents can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The clinical manifestations and management of these agents are reviewed for the emergency provider.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Since the 1960s, designer drugs and hallucinogens have enjoyed regular popularity as agents of abuse and recreational drug use. Designer drugs are similar pharmacologically to their parent compounds and thus can produce significant morbidity and mortality. Some hallucinogens have direct toxic effects, whereas others pose a risk to their users from the abnormal behavior that they produce. Because many of these agents are still extremely popular, emergency personnel need to be aware of the clinical signs and symptoms associated with these substances and the treatment measures needed to care for these patients.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Reports of psychoactive plant and mushroom use for pleasure, religious ceremonies, and healing are found throughout human history. Worldwide, people of various cultures have developed uses for these mind-altering substances and have incorporated them into their lives. The article reviews the commonly used psychoactive plants and mushrooms and emergency management of intoxication with these agents.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients frequently present in an emergent fashion with signs and symptoms related to substance withdrawal. The emergency provider must recognize the wide spectrum with which these withdrawal syndromes can rapidly present and be able to manage efficiently these potentially fatal syndromes. Through an understanding of both the physiologic and the pharmacologic aspects of these withdrawal syndromes, the emergency provider will gain the information needed to manage these often complex syndromes successfully.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Substance abuse is attended by acute drug toxicity and the potential for multiple secondary medical problems. These complications can be best understood by examining the route of abuse, toxicity from contaminants and excipients, and the class of drug abused.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID