摘要:

Shoulder pain is a common clinical problem. Although its causes are multiple, its clinical symptoms and signs can frequently overlap. To plan the most effective means of therapy, an accurate diagnosis must be made.Radiographic evaluation is an important and necessary adjunct to the clinical examination in patients with shoulder pain. Noninvasive imaging modalities, including plain radiography, radionuclide studies, tomography, and computed tomography (CT), often reveal nonspecific findings. Invasive examinations such as arthrography1,2and conventional and computed arthrotomography3–6may yield a more specific diagnosis but are not without morbidity.7Ultrasound has been reported to be a useful technique in the evaluation of the shoulder for rotator cuff abnormalities.8but it is limited in the scope of diseases it can assess and is highly dependent on the experience of the examiner.Recent technical advances have resulted in significant improvement in the ability to obtain diagnostic images of the shoulder with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These include off-center field of view and oblique imaging,9,10as well as improvements in surface coils.We have used MRI in a large number of patients with shoulder pain. MRI has been effective in the noninvasive diagnosis of many shoulder disorders, particularly those that result from rotator cuff disease. It may replace most of the other techniques used to evaluate the shoulder. This article will review current experience with this modality and discuss relevant technical, anatomic, and pathologic issues.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The indications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of articular anatomy and pathologic lesions continue to expand as a result of improvements in surface coils and new advances in pulse sequences, specifically new reduced flip angle techniques. Progress in imaging of the lower extremity has evolved more rapidly than imaging of the elbow and wrist because there are fewer problems with patient positioning, and conventional surface coils can be used.1Evaluation of the elbow and wrist represents a significant portion of musculoskeletal MR examinations in spite of the technical difficulties. At the Mayo Clinic 85% of nonneurologic MRI examinations are for musculoskeletal indications, and 15% of these are for examinations of the elbow and wrist.1,2

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The hip was one of the first joints to be widely studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), probably because of its large size and because surface coils necessary to study smaller joints were not widely available. Because the hip was included within the field of view when soft tissue organs of the pelvis were evaluated, numerous images of normal hips were available for study, and the normal anatomy was quickly described. Early clinical studies centered on the changes produced by femoral head ischemic necrosis. Other abnormalities of the hip also have been described, including arthritis, transient edema, marrow-packing disorders, infection, and fractures.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In no musculoskeletal area has the marked growth and expansion of interest in the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) been more evident than in assessment of articular disorders of the knee.1–27The high accuracy of the method, coupled with its noninvasive nature and lack of operator dependence, has allowed MRI to challenge and indeed rapidly replace arthrography in many institutions. In addition to evaluation of meniscal and ligamentous abnormalities, MRI has demonstrated a markedly expanded diagnostic capacity to include a wide spectrum of abnormalities that may previously have escaped early detection with the use of arthrography or arthroscopy. It is anticipated that future technologic advances will further the diagnostic efficacy of the technique and its ultimate contribution to patient management.This article is based on our experience with more than 3,500 MR examinations of the knee. The discussion will emphasize salient aspects of technique, normal and pathologic anatomy, and potential pitfalls in interpretation of the examination. The accuracy of the method and its relation to other diagnostic techniques will be addressed.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cross-sectional imaging of the foot and ankle had its inception with the development of high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Recently, CT has been applied successfully to a wide variety of podiatric disorders, including calcaneal fractures, subtalar coalition, tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocations, and primary soft tissue pathologic lesions. The advent of high-resolution proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided an alternative means for noninvasive evaluation of foot and ankle disease. In this article, representative cases that illustrate the diagnostic utility of MRI will be discussed, with comparative reference to CT in selected instances. The goal of this article is to provide the practicing radiologist with insight into the relative merits of the two techniques as a guide to the appropriate selection of MRI in specific clinical circumstances.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has often been an elusive quarry in the quest for specific radiographic diagnosis. From its position in the skull base, the TMJ produces pain for many patients, and frustration for many physicians. This frustration stems from the knowledge that the soft tissues of the TMJ have profound effects on joint function and symptoms. Unfortunately, most routine imaging methods can only indirectly visualize these soft tissues. Similarly, most imaging methods rely on images in a single joint position, either opened or closed. Because the TMJ is a complex structure with both rotational and translational movements, static imaging has limited value in evaluating joint motion.1Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers an unparalleled method for imaging the soft tissues of the TMJ, and cine-loop viewing allows evaluation of TMJ motion. In addition, MRI requires no ionizing radiation and is noninvasive.As with all clinical MRI, successful TMJ imaging requires careful image production combined with knowledgeable image interpretation. That interpretation is based on an understanding of the anatomy and physiology, as well as pathologic processes, of the TMJ.In this article methods of image production will be discussed. Joint anatomy and function will be reviewed, and examples of normal and abnormal joints will be shown.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID