ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article discusses the neuroradiologic characteristics of central nervous system infections in children These disorders arc divided into two groups: those of congenital infections and those of infections in the infant and child. Congenital infections are referred to by the acronym TORCH. Inflammatory diseases in the infant and child encompass meningitis, cerebritis, and encephalitis. The heterogeneous etiologies often can be suggested by the neuroradiologic findings, as demonstrated with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This article also addresses the sequelae of destructive brain injuries.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although cranial computed tomography (CT) remains the initial diagnostic test in the evaluation and triage of the pediatric head-injury patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the next step in the diagnostic evaluation of those with focal or diffuse neurologic deficits. MRI is better able to demonstrate the extent and location of both hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic injury, thereby providing prognostic information. In nonaccidental head injury, MRI has proved valuable in detecting subtle subacute contusions and even not so subtle chronic subdural hematomas that may be difficult to see on CT or that can mimic enlargement of the subarachnoid space on CT.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When done with care, the visualization of brain tumors in children in most cases is easy. The challenge is in the ability to predict tumor type and grade. Slightly less than half of pediatric brain tumors are in the posterior fossa. Astrocy-tomas. medulloblastomas, and ependymomas account for 95f; of these tumors. Except for the large cysts and uniformly low Tl signal of pilocytic cerebellar astrocytomas, location and size arc more important than specific imaging characteristics in predicting tumor type. Supratentorial tumors are even more variable in magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, and it is difficult to tell benign from malignant tumor in many cases. Although gadolinium enhancement is useful in defining tumor borders, it is not a completely reliable indicator of malignancy. As in the posterior fossa, location is important in deciding which type of tumor is more likely. Suprasellar tumors are usually craniophary ngiomas. Small temporal lobe tumors are often oligodendrogliomas or gangliogliomas. Astrocytomas are the most common tumor, and also variable, although most benign astrocytomas are near the midline.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an accurate and noninvasive tool in the evaluation of children with spinal neoplasm. Localization and definition of site and extent of disease for treatment planning, the most important goals of neuroimaging in spinal neoplastic disease, have become more precise with MRI, because all spinal compartments can be seen without the need for subarachnoid puncture. Epidural and contiguous soft tissue disease, and associated vertebral abnormalities such as marrow replacement by metastatic processes, are readily confirmed during the same examination. In children, as in adults, gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid aids in separating intramedullary neoplasms from associated edema or syrinx, and is essential in the evaluation of intradural-extramedullary spread of neoplasm. MRI is also useful in the exclusion of compressive lesions in children with systemic neoplasms and cord infarction or treatment-related transverse myelopathy

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID