摘要:

ABSTRACTCan development ethics avoid presuming that European cultures have universal validity and yet also avoid treating every distinct culture as sacrosanct and beyond criticism? While work on ‘culture and development’ valuably stresses the importance of cultural differences and identity it has often been hindered by conceptual limitations when faced with the ambiguities, variety, conflict and change within societies. This article queries a communitarian belief, that morality cannot be anything other than whatever a community's norms are, and suggests that recent development ethics work usefully blends universalist ethics with room for local traditions and choices. As advances on both (a) forms of liberalism that are universalist in scope but Eurocentric and over‐individualistic in content, and (b) relativist forms of communitarian or post‐modern ethics, three current approaches are noted: new work on Basic Human Needs theory, including Amartya Sen's capabilities approach; Martha Nussbaum's Aristotelian extension of Sen; and Onora O'Neill's Kantian development ethic. Particular attention is paid in the article to disputes concerning women's

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTUkraine is now faced with economic crisis on an unprecedented scale. The country is on the brink of hyperinflation. The government has to follow rigorous demand management policies which entail lowering the standard of living of the population. To design policies which protect the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the society, it is important to understand the nature of poverty and income inequality. This study attempts to do exactly this for Ukraine for the first time. The paper demonstrates that the standard of living in Ukraine has been falling at an alarming rate. The government welfare programmes are ineffective in protecting the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the society. This article provides an empirical basis to design appropriate policies, but a lot more work needs to be done.

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOne of the anticipated gains from the trade liberalization policies adopted by many Latin American countries in recent years is improved export performance. In this article, the arguments on which this expectation is based are reviewed and the impact of trade liberalization on Bolivian manufactured exports analysed. The conclusion is that improved export performance is largely the result of a more realistic and more stable real exchange rate after 1985, while the trade policy reforms have had little impact. Certain deficiencies of Bolivia's export performance, such as the increased emphasis on primary and semi‐processed products, and the lack of diversification in terms of both products and markets, are also note

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn looking at the case of Mozambique under structural adjustment, this article argues that the particular combination of fiscal restraints imposed by financial programming, and the proliferation of decentralized project‐based management, together proved to be a potent mixture which failed to reconstruct a coherent pattern of state action. The problem lies in the increasing dominance of foreign aid and in the uneasy interplay between programme aid on the one hand and project aid on the other, as competition from projects wins resources away from regular state programmes, with very little prospect of such projects becoming self‐sustainable in the absence of the continued infusion of foreign

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article reviews discussions concerning some of the main methodological difficulties surrounding the evaluation of structural adjustment policies, before suggesting a procedure to ‘save’ empirical discussion about new patterns of economic and social relations. In this light it proceeds to examine evidence gathered by the structural adjustment research programme of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (Scandinavian Institute of African Studies) on the changing character of the ‘private sector’ and of the voluntary development sphere in contemporary Africa. The main conclusions are that, in what can be called ‘adjustment situations’, the main tendencies in these spheres are for a rise of trading capitals enjoying illicit relations to the state and for a privatization of local development. The article concludes with an argument that, had adjustment been implemented in a fuller and more consistent way, these tendencies would probably have been still more

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Cristovam Buarque,The End of Economics? Ethics and the Disorder of Progress.Gautam Mathur,Economic Justice in a Free Society.Gerry Rodgers, Charles Gore and José B. Figueiredo (eds),Social Exclusion: Rhetoric, Reality, Responses.G. P. Chapman and M. Thompson (eds),Water and the Quest for Sustainable Development in the Ganges Valley.Krishna Bharadwaj,Accumulation, Exchange and Development: Essays on the Indian Economy.Willem van Schendel,Reviving a Rural Industry. Silk Producers and Officials in India and Bangladesh 1880s to 1980s.Jennifer A. Widner (ed.),Economic Change and Political Liberalization in Sub‐Saharan Africa.Adebayo Adedeji (ed.),Africa Within the World: Beyond Dispossession and Dependence.Jomo K. S. (ed.),Industrialising Malaysia: Policy, Performance, Prospects.K. Saradamoni (ed.),Finding the Household: Conceptual and Methodological Issues.Md Anisur Rahman,People's Self‐Development: Perspectives on Participatory Action Research. A Journey through Experience.Michael Painter and William H. Durham (eds),The Social Causes of Environmental Destruction in Latin America.Ilja A. Luciak,The Sandinista Legacy: Lessons from a Political Economy in Transition.Overseas Development Administration,A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries.Heng‐Kang Sang,Project Evaluation. Techniques and Practices for Developing Countries.Charles Stewart Goodwin,The Third World C

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY