摘要:

The author of this letter expands upon Jeffrey Fontaine's article summarizing public water supply in Micronesia, which appeared in the July Journal American Water Works Association. He states that the early 1900's vintage water mains and the post‐World War II iron system have been abandoned. The majority of the pipe on the islands is less than 15 years old. A concerted effort to monitor unaccounted‐for water, and to install house meters resulted in 24‐hour water service for most of 1984. As of February 1987, 75 percent of the service is metered, and the average consumption was about 100 gpcd (379 L/d per capita). Political and management issues, however, make it difficult to reduce consumption to a realistic level. Because of these issues, and growth in the system, the system must once again be shut down at night.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02912.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article details what the Water Quality Association (WQA) is, the industry it represents, and its programs. The WQA is an international non‐profit trade association representing more than 2000 member companies that manufacture, sell, and service water quality improvement products for application at the point of use and point of entry. The association's purpose is to promote a consumer's right to quality information, and the growth of the water quality improvement industry. The WQA offers programs in personnel certification, product validation, voluntary advertising guidelines, and industry code of ethics.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02913.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans, La., and the city of New Orleans was sued for damages sustained by a woman as a result of stepping into an open water meter box on a city sidewalk. The cover of the box was missing. Missing meter box covers are a problem in the French Quarter because tourists take them for souvenirs. The court stated that the missing covers did not constitute a defect but did present an unreasonable risk for with the Water Board was liable.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02917.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distinction is made between point‐of‐use and point‐of‐entry water treatment devices. Because many small water systems will have difficulty meeting the new Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requirements, home water treatment units have emerged as an alternative means of treatment for small systems. Currently the USEPA does not accept pointof‐use devices as an available technology for complying with drinking water regulations, although it does accept point‐of‐entry devices. However, a recent provision by the USEPA gives states the authority to require point‐of‐use treatment and bottled water as interim measures if exemptions to meeting regulations are given, provided that is the most inexpensive possibility for coping with an unreasonable health risk. To judge whether the public is being protected by one means of control or another the specific contaminant must be considered. The article also discusses liability, financing of equipment purchases for small systems, disinfection, monitoring of units, public control and licensing of units and personnel, and standards. AWWA does not have a standard for point‐of‐use and point‐of‐entry devices because such a standard would go beyond the current definition of what AWWA standards address. Specifically, AWWA standards address performance and function, not installation and application.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02918.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02919.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although most vendors of home water treatment devices use ethical sales methods, a few unscrupulous salespeople can cause serious public relations problems for water utilities. To be effective in responding to customer concerns, utilities should be proactive in providing information about tap water quality. Utilities should also be prepared to take action against fraudulent advertisers in their service areas.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02920.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The state of New York has passed enabling legislation for the formation of water districts that carry out point‐of‐entry treatment device programs in cases of private well contamination. Guidelines have been developed to assure that the devices are properly installed, operated, and maintained by the water districts, once the districts are organized. This program is expected to ensure safe drinking water for approximately 3 million people at a reasonable cost.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02921.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Department of National Health and Welfare is the agency responsible for the testing and evaluation of point‐of‐use water treatment devices in Canada. Although there is no specific legislation regulating these devices, voluntary compliance with departmental recommendations has been at least partially responsible for improving the correspondence between claims made and performance of devices on the market. Many types of water treatment devices have been tested and some of the advantages and disadvantages of each are described. A series of publications on these devices has helped to inform the scientific and lay population of the correct application of these devices.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02922.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Point‐of‐use treatment was evaluated as a method for providing water in compliance with federal regulations to consumers served by unfiltered transmission mains in Sheridan, Wyo. The study reviewed current regulatory requirements relative to point‐of‐use treatment and point‐of‐use technologies and equipment for turbidity removal. A pilot‐test was conducted to evaluate the potential of point‐of‐use devices to provide a reliable and economical means of meeting regulatory requirements. The results of the pilot program together with the evaluation of regulatory requirements indicated that point‐of‐use treatment is not a feasible means of providing potable water to taps on the Sheridan municipal system upstream of the water treatment plant.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02923.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Point‐of‐use and point‐of‐entry water treatment systems that utilize tested and proven methods are an effective alternative to conventional systems for the reduction of chemical contaminants to acceptable levels. Reverse osmosis is the most universally effective technology for reducing inorganic contaminants. Adsorption by activated carbon is the most universally effective method for reducing organic contamination. Several technologies and their placements are discussed. Field studies concerning point‐of‐use and point‐of‐entry water treatment show this technology to be effective for community application. Thus far, bacterial growth in these devices has not been shown to be a health problem. Preliminary cost information indicates the advantages of point‐of‐use systems, especially for small communities.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02924.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY