ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06200.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06201.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In August 1990, Bobbie Joe Jordan bought a duplex in St. Petersburg, Florida, from Cun‐Liang Chen. Neither notified the city of the change in ownership. In October 1990, Andrea James and her children moved into the duplex on a month‐to‐month oral lease that included water service. Two months after the property sale, Chen called the city to request termination of water services to this former residence. That day, the city terminated water service to James's home without providing notice to her. James notified the city of the shutoff. The city told her she could restore service and have the water account placed in her name if she paid a deposit. James could not pay, and the city again terminated service. James sued the city, claiming that termination of water service violated her due‐process rights. The trial court ruled against her.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06204.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The first rule to be proposed and promulgated as a result of the regulatory negotiation (reg neg) for the Disinfectants‐Disinfection By‐products (D‐DBP) Rule is the Information Collection Rule (ICR). The ICR is designed to fill gaps in the data so that a better scientific basis can be provided for future rules. The reg‐neg advisory committee agreed that the ICR should be proposed December 1993 and promulgated June 1994 so that monitoring could begin October 1994. The proposed rule was published February 10, 1994, in the Federal Register. The rule applies to systems that serve more than 10,000 people and that use surface water or groundwater under direct influence of surface water and the groundwater systems that serve more than 50,000 people. An overview of the July 2, 1993, draft ICR was presented in this column in the October 1993 issue. The proposed ICR is consistent with the requirements summarized in this earlier article, but several important changes have been made. The author lists these changes in the current article.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06205.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AWWA's new president is focused on getting the organizational framework established for three initiatives—safe drinking water for all, customer satisfaction, and total water management.Robert L. Wubbena, incoming AWWA president, discussed the broadening scope of the water industry and AWWA's part in it during an April 29 conversation at AWWA headquarters with Joe Reid, managing editor of Waterweek. As president, Wubbena will automatically be a member of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors, and he will also be involved with numerous other committees. Previously he has served AWWA through the General Policy Council, Management Division (chair), Education Division, AWWA/WEF Joint Management Conference (co‐chair), and the Wetlands Technical Advisory Workgroup. He has also served as a Pacific Northwest Section officer and received its Fuller Award in 1982. Wubbena, president of Economic&Engineering Services Inc. in Olympia, Wash., is active in the community and belongs to several other professional organizations. He holds bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering from the University of Iowa.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06206.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06207.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results of these studies of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta demonstrate that DBP control strategies should include watershed management as well as treatment processes in other regions of the United States.During development of the draft Disinfectants‐Disinfection Byproducts (D‐DBP) Rule, the issue of watershed management for DBP precursor control was discussed but not included in the rule. This article focuses on a major California watershed, describing examples of the types of studies that utilities can use to determine precursor sources and develop solutions for control. In addition, a chlorination and ozonation study of a five‐by‐five matrix of total organic carbon and bromide levels—which spanned a wide range of concentrations that can be expected in many US waters—provided insights into the effects of organic and inorganic precursors and disinfectants in DBP formation.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06208.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursors in water containing high concentrations of bromide ion can be controlled by ozonation and biodegradation without excessive bromate formation.Two coagulated and settled waters of differing quality and dissolved organic carbon concentration, but with the same bromide concentration, one natural and one spiked, were treated with robust ozonation followed by biodegradation. After free chlorination, these waters were tested for the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and, in some cases, haloacetic acids (HAAs). The formation of bromate was also determined. Results were promising, with prospects being good for controlling THMs, HAAs, and bromate in bromide‐containing water.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06209.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The good linear relationships obtained between influent concentration and removal rate for all parameters tested confirm that removal of biodegradable organic matter during biological drinking water treatment can be approximated by a first‐order model.Using data from two pilot‐scale studies and one full‐scale investigation, this article demonstrates that the removal rate in biological water treatment is proportional to the influent concentration to the bioreactor, i.e., a first‐order process. This is true not only for measures of biodegradable organic matter, e.g., assimilable organic carbon, but also for precursors of chlorination by‐products such as trihalomethanes. The slope of the removal rate versus the influent concentration relationship is termed the average specific removal rate, rAS. When data were available from different studies, the rASvalues tended to fall in the same range. With a first‐order model, the performance of biological treatment in a given situation can be estimated from limited data. The model is suggested as an approach for the preliminary design of bioreactors for drinking water treatment.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06210.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ozonation of high‐bromide waters at ambient pH will likely result in bromate concentrations that exceed the maximum contaminant level specified in the draft D–DBP Rule.The effect of variable ozone dosage and bromide concentration on the formation of organic disinfection by‐products (DBPs) and bromate were evaluated. Low ozone dosages resulted in oxidation of organic precursors, yielding decreases in the formation potential for total trihalomethanes (THMs), six haloacetic acids (HAAs), and total organic halide (TOX). Increasing the ozone dosage oxidized bromide to bromate, decreasing the bromide for incorporation into DBPs. Bromate concentrations were linearly correlated with ozone residuals. Changes in the bromine incorporation factors n and n' reflected differences in the resulting speciation of THMs and HAAs, respectively. Because TOX measurements based on chloride equivalence may underestimate the halogenated DBP yield for high‐bromide waters, a procedure is described whereby bromide and bromate concentrations were used to correct the TOX measurement.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06211.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY