摘要:

This column provides news briefs and vignettes of the water industry as of December 1961.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00810.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The growth and development of Los Angeles in the semi‐arid west has given rise to a water system with a large number of seasonal regulating reservoirs and one major aqueduct. The varied topography and allowable pressure range for water systems have required the establishment of over 100 pressure zones which are supplied by gravity water, regulated water, pumped water, or a combination of these sources. Several pressure zones are supplied by gravity water that is reduced in pressure at pressure‐reducing regulator stations as successively lower pressure zones are supplied. This article discusses a unique problem that was discovered in flow control stations using regulator‐type valves to control the flow of water, particularly in installations with low downstream pressures. The high velocities produced by throttled valves to control the rate of flow have resulted in a great deal of noise, vibration, and subsequent destruction of lining in the downstream enlarger as the water undergoes reduction in velocity. In an effort to eliminate the noise, vibration, and damage, very long enlargers were installed in the downstream portion of stations, but with no success. Flow control station designs using straight lengths of pipe connected directly to flat heads on large‐diameter pipe, without the use of reducers or enlargers, have been successful in eliminating the problem.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00796.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses the suitability of epoxy resins for use in the protection of steel and concrete used in water facilities. The article provides a brief overview of the properties and characteristics of resins, plastics, epoxy compounds, and liquid and solid resins. Classes of epoxy coatings, different applications, and an example of epoxy compounds used for repairs on an elevated water storage tank at the Lansing (Michigan) Board of Water and Light are discussed.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00797.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article provides data on the control of red water and disturbances in distribution systems caused by surges and higher‐than‐normal velocities. From results obtained, it appears that red water from corrosion of unlined or unprotected cast‐iron mains should not result in extensive consumer complaints, if the CaC03saturation index is maintained within 1.0 unit of saturation (a saturation index up to ‐1.0).

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00798.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses a study on the determination of radioactivity in water. The first sample examined in the study was prepared to simulate a natural water sample, and was examined for the following: accuracy of radioactivity at normal or background levels; factors in the analytic procedure that affect accuracy; and, whether there is a need for standardization of sample preparation and counting techniques. The second sample in the study evaluated the following factors determined to be significant as a result of the first sample: a prescribed sample‐preparation procedure; the type of counter to be used for beta or gamma counting; preparation of the standard; and, the effect of sample thickness (self‐absorption).

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00799.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

General Electric Company operates eight large filter plants for the Atomic Energy Commission at the Hanford, Washington, facility. This article discusses improved water treatment methods that have resulted in capital and operating savings and in the production of better water quality. Results of laboratory, pilot plant, and full‐scale plant tests with a variety of filter types over a period of 16 years show that filters made of anthracite and sand together are superior to filters made of either material alone. The effect of chemical treatment on water quality and head loss is greater than that of filter media composition or any other plant variable. A discussion follows the article by Thomas R. Camp, of Camp, Dresser,&McKee, who thoroughly endorses the conclusions of the study that the use of anthracite and sand together permits much higher filter rates than with either material alone. He provides a comparison of the use of anthracite and sand at the Billerica, Massachusetts, filter plant, and the use of sand with a Wheeler gravel bottom at the Cambridge, Massachusetts filter plant.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00800.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article begins by providing a brief overview of the Lock Haven Suburban Water Company, located in Woodward Township, Clinton County, Pennsylvania. The article discusses an effort by Lock Haven to supplement its water supply by drilling additional wells without affecting the production of existing wells. The general geology of the area is discussed, along with the location of aquifers, well‐drilling and production history, geologic explanation of well performance, performance of all 4 wells, recommended location and spacing of wells, acid water, and subsequent developments.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00801.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses a study done by the University of Michigan Sanitary Engineering Laboratories on the ability of sand beds to remove algae from suspension. A controlled laboratory test capable of fixing and maintaining the type and density of algae applied to the bed should lead to an extension of knowledge in this area. The initial experiments were directed towards an evaluation of the filtration of plain algal suspensions through sand beds. Subsequent tests have been conducted using a filter influent composed of both algal and flocculent particles. Such independent variables as sand size, flow rate, bed depth, and type and density of algae have been controlled. Their corresponding effects on bed penetration, head loss, and efficiency of removal have been observed.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00802.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reviews the use of microstrainers, and comments on operating problems and the circumstances under which this treatment may be successful. Microstrainers were developed to remove solids in the potable product or industrial supply that tend to choke water filters. A number of installations have been in service for some time in Canada, and the results obtained here are recorded along with comparisons of Canadian installations with units in other parts of the world.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00803.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Detroit is midway into a planned expansion program. Financing is available. As the water requirements of the area increase, additional filtration plants and pumping stations or segments of plants and transmission mains can be added in a comparatively short time, thereby creating a water system capable of meeting any load requirement. The Detroit department of water supply operates three large filtration plants and pumping stations and will operate a fourth one, when it is completed, in the downriver suburban area. Water Works Park with 80 filters is located on the Detroit River; Springwells with 108 filters, at the western city limits; and Northeast with 48 filters, at the northeastern city limits. Each filter is 0.025 acre in area. These plants supply water to approximately 3,200,000 people in Detroit and 50 suburban communities, about 41 per cent of the population of Michigan. Contract negotiations have been or are being concluded with several other suburbs.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1961.tb00804.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY