ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06264.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This case concerned the validity of various monetary charges imposed on the Southgate Water District (SWD) under a written participation agreement between it and the City and County of Denver. Under the agreement, Denver extended and enlarged its distribution facilities to supply treated water to an area outside city limits, part of which was serviced by SWD. One issue was the charge for conduits and the method by which costs were computed. The conduits were described in the contract as, and were built, “oversize,” in excess of SWD's needs. This allowed excess capacity in the system for Denver's sale to third parties. In computing the percentage of total cost to be paid by SWD, the estimated cost of a conduit to meet the capacity needs of SWD alone was computed first. This figure was then divided by the estimated cost of the oversize conduits to be built. This yielded an agreed percentage of the actual costs of the oversized conduit to be paid by SWD. SWD, maintaining this imposed charges in excess of its share of “actual costs,” sought a declaration that this method was invalid. The trial court ruled against SWD.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06265.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Radionuclides removed from source waters during water treatment become concentrated in residual liquids and sludges. Disposal options suggested in the US Environmental Protection Agency draft guiance for liquid wastes that contain radioactivity are summarized. Options include direct discharge to surface waters or sanitary sewers and deep well injection. Federal, State, and local rules may apply to utilities seeking to dispose of residuals that contain radionuclides. Characterizing the wastes to be disposed of will define the disposal requirements that must be met.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06268.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Understanding cost estimates is important to regulators as well as to utilities and their customers.This roundtable discussion was moderated by John Cromwell, manager of special studies, Apogee Research Inc., 4350 East–West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814. Other participants were: Janet L. Auerbach, chief, Regulation Management Branch, Drinking Water Standards Division, USEPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460; Jack DeMarco, superintendent of water quality and treatment, Cincinnati Water Works, 5651 Kellogg Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45228; Vanessa M. Leiby, executive director, Association of State Drinking Water Administrators, 1120 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 1060, Washington, DC 20036; Robert Raucher, vice‐president, RCG/Hagler Bailly, P.O. Drawer O, Boulder, CO 80306; and John S. Young Jr., vice‐president–engineering, American Water Works Service Co., 1025 Laurel Oak Rd., Voorhees, NJ 08043.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06269.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06270.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The economic benefits of network modeling have outweighed Severn Trent's initial investment, and the less tangible operational and customer benefits continue to grow.For 14 years, Severn Trent Water has been committed to network analysis to improve understanding of the operation of its assets, which include 23,000 mi of distribution main. The traditional benefits of hydraulic analysis have been achieved over the years, including investment planning, system design, emergency planning, source optimization, and operational strategy development. Recently, the utility implemented a more widespread use of this technology to realize significant additional benefits, including reduced source output, demand management, and pressure control; improved customer service for pressure and quality; reduced service interruptions through improved local planning; and reduced response time for information at local centers. This article reviews organizational changes, software and hardware changes, and ingredients necessary to “make it work.” It also summarizes achievements of the last three years.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06271.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article collates the history of system development fee legislation in 25 different jurisdictions.With increasing frequency, public water supply systems are having to investigate alternative funding sources to raise the capital needed for expansion. System development charges have surfaced as the financing mechanism of choice in municipal settings across the country. Legislation regulating such capital charges has been adopted in a surprising number of states in recent years. The author surveyed AWWA sections and conducted research to document recent legislative action in the United States to assess the variety and nature of state legislation regulating system development charges. The findings paint a vivid picture of a current trend prevalent in the United States. If continued, the trend does little to move us any closer to standardizing the procedures and ground rules for others to consider in implementing system development charges.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06272.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Properly treated, blended, and monitored waste streams can be recycled through the water treatment process, thus relieving disposal problems and conserving water.Waste streams recycled to the influent of a water treatment plant typically contain contaminants at concentrations that are of concern. These contaminants may include Giardia and Cryptosporidium, trihalomethanes, manganese, and assimilable organic carbon. This research shows that proper management—treatment, equalization, and monitoring—of the waste streams can render them suitable for recycling in many situations.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06273.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Applying alum sludge to field research plots appears to have had no effect on the soil, groundwater, or growth of pine trees—even after 30 months.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term environmental effects of applying alum sludge to land. Investigations at the original field site included soil analysis, soil water monitoring, groundwater monitoring, and analysis of tissues from pine needles. No long‐term (30 months) effects were observed, and the authors conclude that alum coagulant sludges can be applied to forest lands at loading rates of at least 1.5 to 2.5 percent by dry weight without adverse effect.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06274.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Addition of phosphorus fertilizer corrected the phosphorus deficiency found in fescue grass at higher sludge application rates.These investigators conducted three greenhouse experiments to determine the impact of alum sludge from the Harwood's Mill water treatment plant, Newport News, Va., on the growth and chemical composition of fescue grass. Fescue yields decreased with increased sludge addition, a trend that was attributed to reductions in plant‐available phosphorus (P) at higher loadings. Supplemental P fertilization corrected this deficiency. Lime addition did not affect yield. The presence of manganese and copper in the sludge increased metal uptake by the plants but did not affect yield.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06275.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY