摘要:

In response to an article in an earlier issue of the Journal American Water Works Association (”Using Polymers With Direct Filtration,” March 1985), the author of this letter compares European and US practices of filter washing and emphasizes the effectiveness of a combination of air and water used simultaneously. He states, further, that two percent wash water consumption is a common guarantee figure in Great Britain with actual values often being one percent or less.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05610.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Arthur P. Brigham, a public relations consultant, 204 E. Melbourne Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20901, was formerly the public affairs officer of the Washington (D.C.) Suburban Sanitary Commission. These suggestions for developing an effective public relations program were presented at AWWA's 1985 annual conference in Washington, D.C., on June 25.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05613.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Supreme Court of Nebraska ruled that public utilities may generally discriminate, with respect to rates, between consumers within and outside the municipalities served.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05617.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05618.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the last 75 years, the Seattle (Wash.) Water Department's demand forecasts have evolved from intuitive assessments to sophisticated computer models that prepare geographically disaggregated, long‐term forecasts for planning facilities and short‐term forecasts by customer class for rate‐making and financial planning. A chronology of this evolution, a discussion of the issues that spawned it, and an analysis of the data bases that made it possible illustrate the lessons learned for water systems following a similar path of developing forecasting models.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05619.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater is a widely recognized and used manual of analytical methods published jointly by the American Public Health Association, the American Water Works Association, and the Water Pollution Control Federation. Beginning with the fourteenth edition (1976) of Standard Methods, a thoroughly documented consensus procedure for the adoption of methods has been used. This article reviews the procedure and details the balloting for the sixteenth edition (1985).

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05620.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of dezincification in valves and fittings made of brass alloys with a high content of zinc has caused relatively few problems in the United States although it is a problem in many parts of Europe and other areas. This is probably because AWWA standards call for the use of low‐zinc brass alloys. However, not all waters would subject high‐zinc brass to dezincification, so water suppliers should be aware of the mechanism and the causes and effects of this type of corrosion. The author provides a literature review and a summary of findings in studies undertaken since 1955 on dezincification.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05621.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Investigation of leaks in copper water tubing led to evidence that internal pitting corrosion of copper is the result of failure to thoroughly flush household plumbing rather than a result of corrosive water or defective material.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05622.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pilot‐plant corrosion testing, using pipe inserts fabricated from domestic pipe materials and a typical on–off flow cycle, established equilibrium corrosion rates for domestic pipe materials in the soft, low‐alkalinity water of Portland, Ore. Low corrosion rates for typical consumer plumbing materials were measured by pilot‐plant inserts and verified by pipe samples from consumers' home plumbing. Eight‐hour standing water samples removed from a copper coil, soldered at 20‐ft (6‐m) intervals with a lead–tin solder, exhibited lead and copper levels above the USEPA maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) after exposure to chloraminated water. After exposure to chorinated water, only copper levels were above the MCL. Metal levels began to fall below the MCLs after eight to twelve months' exposure.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05623.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new expressions for the pH of saturation (pHs) were derived. One is a simplified equation developed from an aqueous carbonate equilibrium system in which correction for ionic strength was considered. The other is a more accurate quadratic formula that involves computerized calculation of pHsand takes into account ionic speciation and an activity correction factor. Different methods of determining pHsof 155 water samples were compared using the Langelier equation, the Larson–Buswell formula, the two pHsequations derived in this study, two mathematical models obtained from multivariate analysis, the WATSPEC2 computer program, and Caldwell–Lawrence diagrams.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05624.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY