ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05445.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article by the director of the state of Washington's drinking water program, Department of Social and Health Services, was prompted by a letter in the September Journal(76: 9: 4) from Jack B. Doty of the Skagit County Public Utility District, Mount Vernon, Wash. Doty opposes AWWA's support for the filtration of surface water supplies, but Pluntze enumerates the many current and potential problems that can occur from the use of unfiltered surface water supplies.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05446.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1958, Hopewell Township and Aliquippa Borough each agreed to allow certain residents of the other to connect to and be served by its sewers and sewage treatment plants. In 1980, the Municipal Water Authority of the Borough of Aliquippa increased the quarterly sewer charges and user rates for Hopewell users but maintained the quarterly charge for Aliquippa residents. When Hopewell contested the increase, the trial court approved the increase but delayed the effective date to June 1, 1981. In an appeal, Hopewell argued that the Aliquippa authority should not be allowed to base a present rate increase on future capital improvements. The appellate court noted that the trial court had imposed a three‐year timetable for construction of the projected capital improvements. The appellate court ruled that without a showing of bad faith or fraud by a municipal authority, a trial court cannot assume the role of a rate‐setting body and modify a rate increase. The trial court's decision was vacated and the case was returned for further proceedings.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05448.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This discussion took place during AWWA's 1983 annual conference held in Las Vegas. Theparticipants were: Elias A. Cooney, senior vice‐president of Whitman and Howard Inc., Wellesley, Mass.; William A. Kelley, chief of the water supply division of the Michigan Department of Health, Lansing, Mich.; Jack W. Hoffbuhr, acting assistant regional administrator, policy and management, US Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver, Colo.; and A.H. Jones, general manager of McMinnville Water and Light, McMinnville, Ore. Robert Lamson, head of the AWWA department of technical services, Denver, Colo., was the moderator.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05451.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05452.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author provides an overview of alternative sources of energy that could be practical for special water system applications and outlines ideas for saving power from conventional sources. The demand for energy is an increasingly important consideration for the design and operation of all components of a water treatment and distribution system. The most obvious energy‐saver is, of course, the use of gravity wherever possible.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05453.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of 27 slow sand filtration plants in the United States indicated that most of these plants are currently serving communities of fewer than 10 000 persons, are more than 50 years old, and are effective and inexpensive to operate. A slow sand filtration research facility in Logan, Utah, was compared with the operating plants to determine if locally available, unsieved sand achieved similar results. The 75‐m3/d research facility performed well in removing turbidity, coliform bacteria, and particles of a size representative ofGiardiacysts.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05454.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The research described in this article addressed the problems of the small water system faced with the need to construct treatment facilities that will be easy to operate and maintain yet will produce water that meets drinking water standards. Results of a pilot study, which used three parameters of filtrate quality—turbidity, particle count, and total coliform count, indicate that when raw water quality is high, slow sand filtration outperforms direct in‐line filtration operating with alum or cationic polymer as a coagulant. Enumeration of algae is considered essential for judging the acceptability of raw water for slow sand filtration. For raw water of poorer quality, direct in‐line filtration can be used, but this treatment system requires substantially more operational skill and attention.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05455.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although the current design trend is to use constant‐rate filters, significant operating data now show that use of declining‐rate filters includes such benefits as economy and ease of operation. A survey of state regulations showed that no specific requirements exist for the design and operation of declining‐rate filters and that the regulations often do not distinguish between the two types of filters.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05456.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alternatives to conventional water filtration plants, which use coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and rapid filtration, may be appropriate for some small utilities. One such alternative is slow‐rate filtration. This article describes pilot‐plant studies that were undertaken to evaluate slow‐rate filtration for the removal of particulates, total coliforms, standard plate count bacteria, and organics (total organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential). Two pilot‐scale filtration systems were used: a slow sand filter, operated for 800 days, and a second slow sand filter operated in parallel with a slow‐rate filter containing granular activated carbon, operated for 200 days. Results are presented for both systems.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05457.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY