摘要:

This column provides news briefs and vignettes of the water industry as of March 1967.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03370.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper summarizes the final results of the 1961‐1966 Residential Water Use Research Project. Johns Hopkins University, sponsored by the Technical Studies Program of the Federal Housing Administration, and in cooperation with sixteen participating water utilities, conducted studies to determine water use patterns and demand rates in residential areas, and determine the major factors influencing residential water use. This project elucidated sprinkling demands, provided a basis for improved design criteria for water distribution systems, and may make possible the development of more equitable water rate structures.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03359.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article briefly discusses the need for government aid in financing water and sewage systems. The article presents the city of Detroit, Michigan, as a recipient of federal funding to start industrial, commercial, and residential development.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03360.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Federal legislation regarding water service in the year 1965 indicated that the government may assume complete control of water resources in the near future. An example of this trend is the loan‐grant subsidy legislation. This article discusses three departments of the U.S. government that are authorized to make direct loans and grants for the construction of water facilities. In each instance, the investor‐owned water utility is not eligible. A fourth department of the federal government is authorized to construct, operate, and maintain water facilities. The article discusses alternative sources of funding for investor‐owned utilities.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03361.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the results of comparative cost engineering audits made on 30 water treatment plants in 1965. The term “cost engineering audit” refers to a detailed investigation and analysis of the physical characteristics, the operating data, and the costs of a plant or other operating installation, and the presentation of these in a standardized manner so that internal and external comparisons can be made. The objectives of the study were to: determine which elements, differentiable from the available plant data, make up the cost of water treatment; determine the relative magnitude of the contribution of each differentiable element; determine the unit consumptions or unit utilizations and the pertinent design factors and operating ratios for the plants studied; determine the unit investment and unit prices paid for materials and services; obtain the unit costs of selected cost elements, or, their contribution to the total cost of treatment; determine the distributions of these operating ratios, design factors unit prices, unit consumptions, and unit costs among all plants in the study; determine the effect of plant size on certain of these ratios such as unit prices and unit investment; determine the effect of climatic, geographic, or administrative factors on certain of these ratios; and, determine the effect that water quality parameters have on the components of water treatment costs on the total cost of water treatment and on the various operating ratios.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03362.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1958, the state of New Jersey began construction of two storage projects. One of these, known as Spruce Run, is an on‐river reservoir with a capacity of 11 bil gal. The other is an off‐river pumped‐storage project with a reservoir capacity of 55 bil gal. The operational plan of these projects included the release of stored water into the stream channels below the dams, which would then flow into diversion points further downstream. By utilizing the normal flows in the Raritan River basin, the useful water produced by the project was greatly increased over the amount which would be available if the lakes were tapped directly. This article discusses studies conducted on the management of the water releases so that the maximum use could be obtained with a minimum amount of waste. Special wier instruments were installed in addition to long‐established U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, which were effective in pinpointing the exact problems facing the project.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03363.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report discusses a survey by AWWA Task Group 2610 P of state sanitary engineers, which discovered that the major problem resulting from nutrients was eutrophication or a stimulation of the growth of algae and other aquatic plants in both flowing and impounded surface water supplies. The major water quality problems resulting from the heavy algal growths were taste, odors, and filter clogging. These problems were found in 56 percent of the total U.S. municipal surface water supplies.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03364.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper discusses one of the criteria for the structural design of buried pipe: ring deflection or change in diameter (flattening down) of the ring due to compression of the soil. The principal objectives were: the development of a relationship by which ring deflection can be predicted as a function of dimensionless parameters based on soil properties and pipe properties; and, the relationship between cracking of the mortar and ring deflection for the particular pipe tested. Secondary objectives included measurements pursuant to the determination of ring deflection, such as a load‐settlement relationship for the soil and ring stiffness for the pipe. The basic procedure was divided into field and laboratory tests. For field tests, 10‐ft long sections of cement‐mortar lined and cement‐mortar lined and coated pipe and bare pipes were buried under carefully controlled soil conditions and the ring deflection and cracking patterns were observed for various loads and soil types. The laboratory tests were essentially three‐edge bearing tests on 3‐ft pipe sections to determine the ring stiffness and statistically to relate cracking patterns and ring deflections.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03365.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article begins by emphasizing the importance of a predesign study of the feasibility of constructing a well depending on the prevailing geologic and groundwater conditions of the site. The well should then be designed on the basis of known or anticipated underground conditions. Alternate designs and provisions for bidding unit prices should be included in well specifications in case changes in the preliminary design are deemed necessary during construction. Selection of pumping equipment should be based on a pumping test of sufficient duration to determine optimum yield and pumping level.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03366.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses shallow groundwater as a suitable resource for small municipalities seeking to improve their water situation. At this time nearly all of the surface water streams in Colorado are overappropriated. This means that there are more water rights than there is water. Development in many areas need not be curtailed because of this fact. Shallow groundwater, which has many beneficial characteristics for the small town, is often available for development, and usually at lower cost than nearby surface sources that require more extensive treatment before use. Furthermore, water rights for groundwater need not be as early a priority as for surface water sources, where the “appropriation doctrine” governs water use under the concept of “first in time, first in right.”

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1967.tb03367.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY