摘要:

This letter updates information on hydroelectric plants, their capacity and costs which appeared in “Hydropower: A Step Toward Energy Independence” by R.B. Christensen and W.M. Emerson (JOURNAL AWWA February 1981).

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04706.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article explains the economic and career disadvantages of political participation in the regulatory process by engineers.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04707.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This discussion between James V. LaFrankie, president of the American Water Works Company, and David B. Preston, AWWA Executive Director, covers the AWWA management training and development program, regionalization, investor‐owned utilities, drought, emergency planning, water conservation, costs and regulations.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04708.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An underground city water main installed and maintained by a municipal water department was within the exclusive control and management of the water supplier for purposes of applying the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (a rebuttable presumption that the city was negligent), according to the Supreme Court of Ohio. The court felt that factors such as temperature, earth settling, traffic vibrations and corrosion contributed to the break.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04710.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04712.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Safe water supplies and adequate sanitation facilities for the world population by 1990—the aims of the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade (1981–1990)—are impossibly high goals. The World Health Organization estimates that only 22 percent of the 70 percent rural population In developing countries have “reasonably safe” drinking water and that 15 percent have sanitary human waste disposal facilities. Even if the funds and adequate institutional capacity were available, objectives for the decade still could not be met, The greatest constraint is the lack of competent manpower: professional, technical, and semiskilled.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04713.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Brazilian Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering (ABES) has conducted a comprehensive, nationwide training program for manpower development in the water supply and sewerage utilities since 1973. This program has included training classes, workshops, and seminars and has trained some 73 000 people. It has produced 11 training manuals, 76 teaching films, and 32 technical books. The training program provides the human resources for the National Sanitation Plan (PLANASA), which has an immediate goal of providing water supply and sewerage services to the urban population of Brazil. It provides an excellent model for the training needed to support the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04714.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An ongoing staff training program and a comprehensive maintenance management system are evolving as a result of recently constructed water treatment plants on the Island of Trinidad. With approximately 130 trained technical staff needed to operate the treatment systems, an accelerated four‐phase training program was Initiated. Local water system engineer and superintendent trainees were sent to the United States for specialized classes and plant tours; a full‐time operator trainer was employed; and, with guidance from outside consultants, operators and maintenance technicians are being trained in specializations by equipment manufacturers and suppliers.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04715.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Training procedures for the staff of six newly constructed water treatment plants in Trinidad, West Indies, were designed with an interactive, self‐propagating approach. Personnel for the new facilities were selected from existing employees, according to a systematic selection process that ascertained individual motivations, needs, and potentials. Subsequently, competent, well‐motivated candidates were involved in a training program emphasizing individual input into system evaluation and implementation, on‐the‐job experience and feedback, trainee development of job aids and instructional materials, and the preparation of trainees to instruct future recruits.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04716.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Split‐treatment softening is more cost effective than conventional treatment with certain types of water. This paper develops the equilibria relationships for solving split‐treatment softening problems, in order to understand how desired effluent quality parameters and operating variables affect chemical requirements. Solution sets are presented for treatment with lime only and with lime and soda; effluent hardness and pH, effluent alkalinity and pH, or lime dose and bypass fraction are considered decision parameters. The methodology is applied to several raw water examples, and the results are presented graphically. Various modes of split‐treatment operation can effect a range of effluent quality characteristics. Minimal or optimal values are indicated for selection of process variables with respect to chemical costs.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04718.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY