ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06250.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06251.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Northwest Environmental Advocates (NWEA) filed a suit in 1991 alleging that Portland's practice during rainstorms of discharging raw sewage from 54 outfall points was not covered by permit and that the practice violated Oregon's water quality standards. Twelve of the outfalls drain into the Columbia River slough, and 42 drain into the Willamette River. The waterways are used for recreation. Because it is illegal to discharge pollutants without a permit, NWEA argued that the city was violating the Clean Water Act (CWA). The trial court ruled for the city.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06253.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Virtually every aspect of water utility operation is directly regulated or influenced by one or more federal environmental or related laws. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) administers 14 major laws passed by Congress to protect the environment. The US Department of the Interior (DOI), US Army Corps of Engineers (COE), and other federal agencies administer portions of these same laws or other laws that interrelate with environmental statues to affect water utilities. Those federal environmental and related laws that most affect water utilities as well as their primary impact are listed. Each law has one or more corresponding regulatory program administered by one or more federal agencies. This article provides an overview of the scope of these laws and the importance of compliance auditing.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06255.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From meter reading to long‐term asset management, other utilities and industries have practices worth investigating.Best practices was the topic of a Roundtable discussion held June 22, 1994, in New York, N. Y. The moderator was Rick Harmon, manager of management development programs, AWWA, 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235. Other participants were Robert B. Jackson, director of community and intergovernmental relations, Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans, 625 St. Joseph Street, Room 235, New Orleans, LA 70165; Ron Lovan, general manager of utilities, City of Thornton, 9500 Civic Center Drive, Thornton, CO 80229; Sue F. McCormick, manager of technical support services, Lansing Board of Water and Light, P.O. Box 13007, Lansing, MI 48910; Roger Patrick, principal consultant, PA Consulting Group, 146 Arthur St., North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia; and Gerald C. (Jerry) Smith, senior vice‐president of operations, American Water Works Service Co., 1025 Laurel Oak Road, Voorhees, NJ 08043.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06256.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06257.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Orem, Utah, total quality management techniques have helped to improve water management and encourage conservation.De Tocqueville said the success of the American experiment depended on the quality of citizen involvement in governance. Today, public participation in governmen—other than voting—involves a minuscule fraction of the citizenry, and an adversarial relationship often exists between citizens and government. Total quality management (TQM) offers citizens and public officials a way to open the lines of communication and improve municipal conditions. In Orem, Utah, a water shortage and restrictions led to a year‐long communitywide planning and educational process that incorporated TQM principles. Public opinion of water managers has improved, and local citizens are now educated about water management. Orem has not further restricted water use despite the drought that has continued since 1986.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06258.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From “focused improvement” to “reengineering,” management techniques exist to reduce costs, improve customer service, and empower employees.Performance improvement is the systematic evaluation of processes to ensure that customers' expectations are met in the most cost‐effective manner. When customers' priorities regarding cost, quality, and timeliness are understood, improvement can begin on processes that deliver products and services. Changes can be strategic or tactical and fast or structured. Methods include focused improvement, continuous improvement, restructuring, and process innovation or reengineering. To achieve sustainable results, utility employees should be involved in the process change. By monitoring and evaluating outcomes, the utility can measure change, recognize progress, and set new goals.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06259.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drought‐related shortages and rate problems have eased for Marin Municipal Water District, which has adopted a three‐tier rate structure that meets revenue needs and enjoys widespread community support.The Marin Municipal Water District (MMWD) in Corte Madera experienced a particularly severe water shortage during California's six‐year drought. Citizens were frustrated because the district rigidly limited consumption and repeatedly raised rates. As the drought was ending in 1992, MMWD assembled a citizen advisory committee to direct the district and a consulting firm in establishing a new rate structure. More than a cost‐allocation exercise to meet financial needs, the planning process involved important policy issues that required public input. The marginal cost approach chosen meets revenue needs and addresses the problems of limited water supply and expensive source development to meet increased demand. Support for the rate structure is widespread because committee members, who represented most elements of the larger community, were able to reach broad consensus on most issues.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06260.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilities are finding ways to continue service for ratepayers who have difficulty paying their water bills.Rising costs and rising water bills are inevitable. For customers, the problem of water affordability may result in increased arrearages, late payments, disconnection notices, and service terminations. Utilities, under increasing pressure to respond to affordability and disconnection problems, generally prefer assistance‐oriented programs in cooperation with social agencies over rate structure modifications. In this article the author reviews available options including financial counseling, arrearage forgiveness, payment discounts, income‐based payments, lifeline rates, targeted conservation, disconnection moratoria, and flow restriction.

ISSN:0003-150X    

DOI:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1994.tb06261.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY