摘要:

During the past 4 years, 60 renal transplants (out of a total of 191) have been performed in the presence of a positive crossmatch between recipient serum and donor lymphocytes, in a lymphocytotoxic assay. Forty‐five grafts had a positive B‐cell crossmatch and 15 had a positive T + B cell crossmatch. The results of these transplants at both 1 month and in the long term, as assessed by actuarial survival curves, are similar to those seen where the transplant was performed with a negative crossmatch.Of the 45 recipients with a positive B‐cell crossmatch, reactivity with autologous lymphocytes was tested in 30, and 14 proved to be positive. Their survival rate was higher than that seen in the B‐cell positive crossmatch transplants not due to autoreactive antibodies, although the difference was not statistically significant. Of the 15 recipients with a positive T + B cell crossmatch 13 proved to be due to autologous reactivity. Again the survival rate was higher than that seen in the negative crossmatch grafts.Two‐thirds of the positive crossmatch grafts were implanted into recipients with antibodies reacting with over 85% of random panel cells. These patients would be considered extremely difficult or impossible to transplant in units with a policy of transplanting only with a negative crossmatch.Overall, our results show that donor‐reactive B‐cell antibodies and T + B cell antibodies which are autoreactive are not associated with increased graft failure. However, we have noticed a relatively high non‐function rate in the positive crossmatch transplants (particularly B‐cell positive). This suggests that there is still considerable heterogeneity of the antibodies which may give rise to a B‐cell positive crossmatch, and although most of these antibodies are harmless, it does seem that some are damaging. Thus it is important to further characterize the specificities of these antibodies and determine their effect on a subsequ

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The outcome of 461 prospectively HLA–A, ‐B and ‐C typed and 193 prospectively HLA—DR typed cadaveric kidney transplants in one center was followed. We found a significant beneficial effect on graft survival both of HLA–A and ‐B as well as of HLA–DR matching between donor and recipient, while no effects of HLA–C compatibility could be detected. The effect of HLA–DR matching was clearly more pronounced than that of HLA–A and ‐B matching, and a possible influence of matching for HLA–A and ‐B could only be seen in the HLA–DR mismatched combinations. Pretransplant blood transfusions were associated with an increased graft survival only in patients receiving HLA–DR mismatched transplants. We conclude that major emphasis should be laid on obtaining HLA‐DR compatibility in

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When alleles from two different loci behave as independent factors it is possible to calculate the expected frequency of their joint occurrence. In the HLA system significant departures from expected haplotype frequencies occur. Thus antigen B8 occurs together with A1 or/and DR3 in about 95 cases out of 100 (the figure expected by chance is about 45 out of 100). In a similar manner the antigens A3, B7 and DR2 are found associated very much more often than expected by chance alone. The reasons for these observations are obscure, but Fisher (1930) and more recently Bodmer (Bodmer&Bodmer 1978) have argued that some form of natural selection is a major factor in the occurrence and maintenance of linkage disequilibrium. In the present study we show that individual alleles of the common haplotype A1—B8—DR3 can exert different effects as regards IgE levels. This may provide evidence that one of the contributory mechanisms leading to linkage disequilibrium involves selection against individuals having a harmful allele unless it is in association with another conferring compensatory effe

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One‐hundred‐and‐six patients with pernicious anemia were HLA–A, B, C typed by serological technique and HLA–D typed by mixed lymphocyte culture technique for the specificities HLA–Dw1–8 and the locally defined D“H”. In 13 cases, the D‐typing was unsuccessful due to technical difficulties.HLA–A, B, C antigen frequencies did not show any significant deviation from expected values, while D typing showed increased frequencies of Dw2 and Dw5 and a possibly decreased frequency of Dw3.The typing was compared with clinical data such as the presence of organ specific autoimmune disease in first degree relatives, presence of anemia or myelopathy at time of diagnosis and presence of antibodies towards parietal cells or intrinsic factor.The presence of intrinsic factor antibody was associated with the presence of Dw2 and a decrease of Dw5 and possibly also with a decrease of Dw4. No associations were found for the other investigated parameters. If intrinsic factor antibodies have a pathogenetic role, our findings might reflect a heterogeneity of pernicious anemia.These findings and the recently reported association between HLA‐DR5 and Hashimoto's disease link these two thyrogastric diseases together to form a special subgroup within the group of organspecific autoimmune diseases; the other diseases in the group have as a common denominator the fre

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current evidence suggests that a correlation exists between the capacity to perform excision repair of UV‐induced DNA damage and maximum lifespan in different species. Preliminary evidence has also indicated differences of DNA repair capacities in lymphocytes of several strains of mice congenic at the H‐2 locus. It is known that the H‐2 system influences maximum lifespan potential in mice. In the present studies excision repair of UV‐induced DNA damage, but not gamma‐induced damage, was found to correlate with mean survival in the adult inbred mouse strains NZB and CBA, using PHA stimulated splenic lymphocytes. Furthermore, in (NZB × CBA)F2hybrid adult progeny the level of DNA repair of UV‐induced damage corresponded to the H‐2 allele (H‐2d/2dfrom NZB or H‐2k/2kfrom CBA) inherited from the parental strain. These studies suggest the possibility of a tricornered relationship between the main histocompatibility complex, one form of DNA repair, and lifespan

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several South, Central and North American Indian populations have been characterized over the past 9 years. A summary is given here. Very few major antigens have been found, namely A2, A9, A28 and Aw31 and B5, B15, Bw16, Bw35 and B40. However, several known splits of these antigens have been identified, and new variants are also likely. Immunogenetic analyses of the Amerindians should be able to provide clues both to the origins of the Amerindian cultures and migrations of early man, and also provide new insights into the antigens and the loci of the MHC.

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY