摘要:

In a recent paper, Thomson&Bodmer (1979) explored several conceptual and analytic issues involved in studying the association of HLA haplotypes with disease. One key problem they emphasized was the assessment of the statistical significance of the third order linkage disequilibrium between two HLA genes and a disease susceptibility gene. We have formulated an approach to this problem and illustrate this approach by deriving such statistical tests of true haplotype associations for two models of disease susceptibility previously studied by Terasaki&Mickey (1975) and by Thomson&Bodmer (1977). A numerical example using actual phenotypic data is then presented to demonstrate the practicality of the methods.

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

T, B, and null lymphocytes isolated by sheep red blood cells (SRBC) rosetting or adherence to a nylon wool column had distinct size differences according to Coulter counter size analysis. The diameters in microns were as follows: B = 6.42, T = 6.76, null = 7.16, granulocytes = 8.42, and monocytes = 9.02. Coulter size distributions of cell preparations were compared to the proportions of cells with E, EAC, and surface immunoglobulin (SIg) markers in these preparations as well as their reactivity to HLA‐DR antisera and rabbit anti‐B‐lymphocyte antisera.Cell preparations monitored by Coulter sizing produced the expected results in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) testing. That is, T cells responded but did not stimulate whereas B lymphocytes and monocytes stimulated but did not respond. NULL lympocytes both stimulated and responded. In antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), null lymphocytes and monocytes functioned as effectors, whereas Tlymphocytes and granulocytes did not.B lymphocyte preparations were intermediate in activity. Coulter sizing is a rapid, simple means of assessing the purity of suspensions enriched for T, B, and null ly

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Quantities of the HLA‐B antigens B5, B7, B8, B13, B27, and Bw44 were determined on platelets of subjects heterozygous for those markers using an assay based on inhibition of antibody‐mediated51Cr release from lymphocytes. In confirmation of previous studies, Bw44 was found to vary about 35‐fold and B8 about 8‐fold. In contrast, B5, B7, B27, and B13 varied only 2–3‐fold. Expression of each of the six antigens was proportional to that of its associated broad specificity, Bw4 or Bw6. The antigens Bw4 and Bw6, when measured directly on platelets of 62 normal heterozygous subjects, were found to vary 32‐fold and 20‐fold, respectively. Bw4 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B5 or B27 (P>0.001), was weakly expressed in the presence of B13 (P>0.001) and was variable, possibly bimodal, in the presence of Bw44. Bw6 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B7, Bw15.1, or Bw35 (P>0.01) but was weak on platelets carrying B8 or B14 (P>0.01). Little or no variation in Bw4 or Bw6 was observed on lymphocytes of the same donor population. These findings are consistent with the possibility that private HLA‐B locus specificities influence the expression of part or all of the HLA‐B molecule on the platelet surface through an undetermined mechanism. The atypical behavior of Bw44/Bw4 on platelets suggests the possibility that Bw44 consists of two subspecificities not yet detectable with available serologic reagents. Variability of HLA markers in tissues other than platelets could have important immunobiologic implications which seem deserving of fu

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐three unrelated Irish adults were typed for 24 alleles at the HLA‐A and B loci. A high frequency of HLA‐B8 (34.8%) was observed compared with results published for other populations. Results of other gene frequencies, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium values were similar to those of Caucasian population studies. Close similarity of HLA polymorphism distribution was seen in relation to another relatively homogeneous Celtic population from the islands of the Outer Hebrides, off the coast

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Marianne Schou Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark A micromethod of chicken mixed lymphocyte culture is described. In order to test the genetic control of the reaction, lymphocytes from the inbred G‐Bl and G‐B2 strains were cultured together with lymphocytes of the MHC identical chickens of a segregating population of (G‐Bl × G‐B2) F2 hybrids. Most of these combinations showed no response, which is in agreement with the major importance of the lymphocyte activating determinants (Lads) being controlled by the B complex (chicken MHC). A few strong reactions of MLC between B identical individuals indicated, however, that chickens in addition may have Lads controlled by genes not closely linked to the B

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

HLA‐A, B and C antigens were determined from 63 cases of juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in northern Finland. There was a very strong association between IDDM and HLA‐B8 and B15 antigens in this area where the incidence of IDDM is also high. Relative risks for B8 and B15 were 4.8 and 3.8, respectively. In a small group of subjects typed for HLA‐D antigens Dw3 and Dw4 appeared to be stronger risk factors than associated B antigens, whereas Dw2 was almost totally absent in the

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The serological analysis of 24 HLA antisera, produced by pregnancy alone, containing B14 and up to six additional specificities was carried out on a selected lymphocyte panel of 316 cells. HLA typing was performed on the antiserum donors and 21 of their husbands. The results show (i) bidirectional cross‐reactivity between B8, B14.1, B14.2, B18 and Bw39: (ii) cross‐reactivity between antibodies to these specificities and Bw22 (probably Bw22.1 (Cw3 associated) only): (iii) confirmation, with five antisera, of the cross‐reactivity between anti‐B14 and B5 (with evidence for the cross‐reaction being with Bw51 and not Bw52): (iv) cross‐reactivity between anti‐Bw39 and B37: (v) evidence for unidirectional cross‐reactivity between anti‐Bw38 and B8, B14.1 and B14.2: (vi) preferential cross‐reaction with the subdivisions of B14The concept of “shared antigenic determinants” is briefly discussed in rel

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY