摘要:

Twenty non‐transfused dialysis patients received a small number of HLA‐A and ‐B matched pre‐transplant leukocyte‐poor blood transfusions. Currently, in 10 of these patients transplanted with a cadaveric kidney, graft survival at 3 mont

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some CTLs recognize HLA‐structures in a different way than antibodies, i.e. they may identify other epitopes than antibodies or may define genetically distinct structures. From population studies,in vitroeducated CTLs were selected giving rise to significant lysis on PHA‐lymphoblasts in the absence of the sharing of HLA‐A, B, (C) determinants between stimulator and target lymphocytes. Based on pair‐wise correlations these CTLs form 3 clusters, identifying structures associated to HLA‐markers. Subsequent testing in 14 complete families of ± 4 children allowed the observations: (1) CML‐traits assigned on the basis of single CTLs often segregated in a non‐mendelian way or independent of HLA. (2) Assignments made on the basis of CTL‐clusters segregated with HLA. (3) in 2 informative HLA‐B/D, DR recombinant families, CML‐traits segregated with HLA‐B. (4) No haplotype could be assigned m

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a standardized indirect cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) technique, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) were raised between unrelated, fully HLA‐A, B (and C) typed individuals, differing only for one identified HLA‐A, B antigenic determinant. Ten CTLs involved HLA‐A2+ stimulators and HLA‐A2‐, A28‐, A9‐responders. Five CTLs involved HLA‐Bw35+ stimulators and HLA‐B5‐, Bw35‐, B15‐, B17‐, B18‐, Bw21‐responders. These CTLs were tested for cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against two different panels (20 and 9 cells respectively) of HLA‐A28+ and HLA‐B5+ PHA‐lymphoblasts. The same panel cells were used as cold competitors for cytotoxicity against the specific51Cr labelled targets.The following observations were made: (1) most panel cells are neither lysed nor able to block; (2) significant lysis is, however, seen in the panels positive for serologically cross‐reactive antigens, although lysis is generally lower than comparable lysis by anti‐A28 or anti‐B5 CTLs; (3) all target cells lysed in the A28 panel are able to inhibit specific lysis while 2 cells in the B5 panel are lysed but do not inhibit (Cytotoxicity‐Positive‐Inhibition‐Negative = CYPIN); (4) a group of panel cells cannot be lysed but are able to inhibit (Cytotoxicity‐Negative‐Inhibition‐Positive = CYNIP).These observations indicate that cross‐reactive groups identified by serology may also be identified by cellology using direct cytotoxicity and/or cold target inhibition. The cross‐reactivity defined by CTLs, as in serology, is inconstant and often incomplete. Whether the immunogenetic background of cross‐reactivity as defined by antibody or CTL is identical is unknown but probable.The occurrence of CYNIP underlines that direct cytotoxicity and cold target inhibition are not directly comparable and indicates that different epitopes may be involved, although the discrepancy may be brought about by the experimental conditions used.The CYPIN phenomenon indicates the existence of immunodominant

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty‐six idiopathic hemochromatotic French patients were HLA‐A, B typed. The previously known strong association with A3 was confirmed (RR = 10.6,P<10–9) and our results indicate clearly that a gene implicated in idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) determinism is located in the HLA‐A region.The linkage disequilibrium between A3 and B7 was found to be far greater in IH patients than in controls. The authors have therefore hypothesized that this might be due to a selective advantage of this haplotype in IH. The A3, B7, Dw2 HLA haplotype has been shown to exert a protective effect against common insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). Thus the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of a definite IDD. B7 was found more frequently in IH patients without IDD but the difference is not significant.In this context, the strong linkage disequilibrium between A3 and B7 might be due to the protective effect of the B region of this haplotype against IH second

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To conserve sera, reduce technologist time and facilitate distribution of kidneys to the most likely recipient from groups of highly sensitized patients, we studied the feasibility of using pooled sera in preliminary crossmatches. From 16 chronic renal failure patients, 275 sera were studied against fresh cell panels from 24 to 35 donors. Using the antiglobulin crossmatch technique, sera were studied individually, in consecutive pools of five and in consecutive pools of 10. Reactions of component sera were assessed on a cell‐by‐cell comparison with their pools of five and 10 sera. Crossmatches performed with pools of five sera and pools of 10 sera detected the same cytotoxic reactions as did their component sera in 97.6% and 97.8% of the reactions, respectively. We conclude that 10 sera can be pooled so that preliminary crossmatch testing of all positive sera of all theoretically potential allograft recipients can be accomplished with accuracy and efficiency, even in the larger regional distribution cent

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hemopoietic histocompatibility(Hh) Genes associated with the H‐2 region control the antigenicity of hemopoietic cell grafts in the mouse. We have tested for similar genes in rats. Wistar Furth (WF,RTI) or Lewis (LEWRTI1) bone marrow cell grafts did not proliferate in spleens of lethally irradiated (WFxLEW) Fl hybrid rats as assessed by measuring the incorporation of 5‐iodo‐2’deoxyuridine—125I (IUdR) into recipient spleens 5 days after transplantation. In contrast, (WFxLEW)Fl hybrid marrow cells grew well in both WF and LEW parental strain hosts. (WFxDA)Fl or (WFxLEW)Fl hybrid rats were backcrossed to WF parental strain rats to produce progeny, either homozygous, or heterozygous for the MHC. The RTl type of 46 individual backcross progeny was determined using a 5 day mixed‐lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Correlation between RTl type and growth of marrow grafts of individual backcross rats was determined bt using each rat as a bone marrow donor for irradiated LEW hosts. Marrow grafts from rats heterozygous for RTl were accepted in all 25 cases, whereas, grafts from 19 of 21 homozygous donors were rejected by the LEW hosts. Thus, homozygosity, forHhdeterminants in or near the RTl region appears to be necessary for optimal immunogenicity of bone marrow

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have used flow microflourimetry to investigate quantitatively the expression of HLA‐A, B and C antigens, and β2microglobulin, by cell lines derived from human teratocarcinomas. Although low levels of these cell surface molecules were expressed by all the lines examined, there was no evidence of discrete HLA‐A, B, C/β2‐microglobulin positive and negative subpopulations in any cultures. In contrast, using similar techniques, no murine embryonal carcinoma cell line was found to express the homologous H‐2 antigens. It is suggested that human embryonal carcinoma cells may differ from their mouse counterparts by expressing low levels of major histocompatibility

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

HLA (A,B and C) gene and haplotype frequencies were determined in 44 Berber families from the Kabyle tribe. The Bf and Olo polymorphisms were also defined and the haplotypes were deduced from these family data. The main association (A1, B8, BfS; A29, B12, GIo2; Aw33, B14, BfS, GIo1; Cw5, B18, BfF1; A1, Bw17) showed the relationship between the populations from the southwest of Europe, and this population. Another association, A11 and Bw21, was found also in Twareg, which are probably of the same origin.

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The possibility was examined that K or D regulated responsiveness of virus specific cytotoxic T cells was due to the virus‐specific and differential effects on expression and/or accessibility of H‐2K or D products on virus‐infected target cells. Cells from established lines of fibroblasts kept in tissue culture, uninfected, infected with either vaccinia virus, with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or with both LCMV plus vaccinia virus, were compared with respect to expression of Kk, Dkand Db. H‐2K or D expression was assessed by: 1) absorption of defined anti‐K or anti‐D antisera: 2) susceptibility to alloreactive cytotoxic T cells; and 3) susceptibility to K or D restricted virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells. In all 3 tests, no virus‐specific effect on Kk, Dkor Dbexpression on all target cells (uninfected, LCHV, or vaccinia virus infected, or doubly infected) was noticed. Most importantly, H‐2ktarget cells infected with both LCMV plus vaccinia virus, that were not lysed by low‐responder Derestricted vaccinia specific T cells were lysed by high‐responder Dkrestricted LCMV‐immune T cells; in contrast, these targets were lysed by Kk‐restricted vaccinia specific T cells but only poorly by Kk‐restricted LCMV‐immune T cells. Thus, expression or accessibility of Dkcould not have limited responsiveness to vaccinia virus on this target cell since Dkwas accessible to Derestricted LCMV‐specific T cells; a similar argument can be made for the accessibility of Kk. These experiments suggest that expression and/or accessibility of Kk, Dkor Dbon target cells does not explain the virus‐and K or D dependent responsiveness differences o

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) of childhood is likely to be underlain by an immunopathological mechanism; we investigated the presence of immunogenetic HLA markers in this disease. Fifty‐four unrelated INS‐affected children, among them 20 with an allergic status, were studied for 33 HLA‐A,B and 6 HLA‐DR antigens. The results were compared to those obtained in 49 children with glomerulonephritis, 28 children with atopy but without nephropathy, and 91 healthy blood donors. The HLA‐A and B antigen frequencies were not significantly different from normal frequencies. The incidence of HLA‐DR7 was significantly increased in INS‐affected patients as compared to the other groups (66.7% in patients vs 31.1% in healthy controls; corrected P value<0.001; relative risk = 4.4), and more so in those with atopy than in those without atopy (90% vs 46%; P = 0.002). The frequency of this antigen is not increased in atopic non‐nephrotic children. No relationship between HLA‐DR7, clinical outcome and steroid‐responsiveness was found. We suggest that the pathogenesis of INS could be influenced by an HLA‐linked immune response gene, especially in its

ISSN:0001-2815    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY